Presentation on the theme of the forest. Live forest! (preservation and restoration of northern forests) Human Rights Environmental Fund "Biarmia" Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry Complex of Arkhangelsk

Pine forest shrubs: juniper evergreen shrub or small tree. On one plant, you can see both very young cone berries, and one-biennial green ones, and mature black ones at the same time. It grows in the undergrowth of coniferous, mainly pine forests, both on dry and waterlogged soil. The wood is used in turning. Cones are used in medicine, perfumery, confectionery and alcoholic beverage industry.

Shrubs of the pine forest: wild rose, or cinnamon Shrub up to 2 m high. The shoots are covered with thorns and numerous spines. Leaves are pinnate. Flowers pink, fragrant. "Fruits" are usually spherical or elliptical, smooth, fleshy, orange or red. Grows in forests, forest edges and clearings; in the river valleys. The most important vitamin plant - contains a lot of ascorbic acid. The fruits are harvested for the production of vitamin concentrates.

Pine forest shrubs on dry soils: lingonberry Evergreen shrub, cm high, with a creeping stem. The leaves are oval, leathery, dark green. White-pink flowers are collected in a one-sided brush. The fruit is a globular dark red berry about 7 mm in diameter. Grows in pine forests, swampy birch and spruce forests, on ridges among sphagnum bogs. Berries are used for food in fresh and processed form. Food for upland game and bears. Lingonberry is a medicinal plant.

Pine forest shrubs on dry soils: Heather Evergreen shrub, cm high, with small leaves. Flowers are collected in one-sided racemes. Calyx 4-separate, like corolla pink, rarely white. Corolla bell-shaped, shorter than calyx. The fruit is a box. Flowering from July to September, fruiting in September-October. It grows on sandy soil in sparse pine forests, on dunes, burnt areas, and also on peat bogs. Honey plant.

Pine forest plants on dry soils: bearberry Creeping evergreen shrub with shoots up to 1.3 m long. Leaves oblong-ovate, leathery. The inflorescence is an apical raceme of several drooping white-pink flowers with a jug-like corolla. The fruit is a bright red berry-like drupe. It grows in light pine forests on sandy or gravelly soil. Grows in burnt areas and clearings. Medicinal plant. The fruits are food for upland game.

Plants of the pine forest on dry soils: club club club Sporangia collected in spore-bearing spikelets. A plant of dry light coniferous forests, mainly pine. Lycopodium spores (trade name "lycopodium") were used as baby powder, as well as for bedsores and weeping eczema. The spores were used in the construction of sparklers and fireworks, and in photographing. Lycopodium was used in metallurgy for sprinkling molds, in shaped casting.

Blueberries are found on moist and rich soils. Low, up to 50 cm high, shrub with densely branched, green, faceted branches. The leaves are alternate, elliptical, serrate at the edges. Flowers solitary or 2 in axils top leaves. The fruit is a juicy spherical berry up to 1 cm in diameter, black-blue. It grows in moist coniferous forests and moss swamps. An important food and medicinal plant. Used for tanning and dyeing leather. Honey plant.

On moist and rich soils, there is a perennial herbaceous plant 6-20 cm high. The upper rather large lanceolate leaves (there are usually 7 of them, which is reflected in the name) are brought together in a whorl in the upper part of the shoot; one or 2-4 pedicels emerge from its center, bearing rather large snow-white flowers. Sepals, petals and stamens are usually 7 each. The fruits are multi-seeded capsules. Blooms in May-June. The fruits ripen in July. Typical forest plant coniferous forest.

On moist and rich soils, there is also common goldenrod, or golden rod. A perennial herbaceous plant, cm high. The leaves are oblong-elliptical. Baskets are small, collected in common racemose or paniculate inflorescences. The flowers are yellow, marginal pseudolingual, median tubular. The fruits are achenes with a brownish tuft. Blossoms from May to September, fruits ripen in July-September. Grows in forests, meadows, ravines, bushes, meadows, roadside plantations.

On moist and rich soils, there is a two-leaved maynik. A perennial herbaceous plant cm high, with a thin creeping branched rhizome. blooms in May-June fruits ripen in August. Propagated by seeds and vegetatively: rhizomes, growing, give rise to new plants. Distributed in Russia in the coniferous zone and widely deciduous forests European part, in Siberia and on Far East. Grows on fairly loose and moderately moist soil.

Types of pine forests in the Arkhangelsk region Lichen - 10.2% - no undergrowth, the soil is covered with lichens; Green moss - 40.6% - the soil is covered with green moss; Dolgomoshnye - 14.2% - cuckoo flax prevails; Sphagnum - 25.5% - dominated by sphagnum; Grass-marsh - 6, 7% - have a dense grass cover.

The forest is an important object economic activity 20 thousand products are made from wood today. There is also a side use of the northern forest, for example, harvesting berries. Blueberries give kg/ha, lingonberries - kg/ha. They also collect mushrooms, medicinal plants, beekeeping products, resin.

Wooden architecture is one of the most important components of ancient Russian culture. Wood in Russia was a comprehensive material. Ships, fortresses, huts, bridges, mills, chapels, all peasant utensils were wooden. Pine was often used.

Literature 1. Gulenkova M. A., Krasnikova A. A. Summer field practice in botany: Proc. Benefit. - M .: Education, Izmailov I. V., Mikhlin V. E., Shashkov E. V., Shubkina L. S. Biological excursions. - M .: Education, Polyansky I. I. Botanical excursions. A guide for teachers. - M .: Education, Geography of the Arkhangelsk region ( physical geography) 8th grade. Tutorial for students. / Under the editorship of Byzova N. M. - Arkhangelsk, publishing house of the Pomor International Pedagogical University named after M. V. Lomonosov, School tourist routes in the Arkhangelsk region. / comp. Manikhin G.I. - Arkhangelsk Order of the Badge of Honor, State Pedagogical Institute named after M.V. Lomonosov, Ecology of the Arkhangelsk Region: Textbook for students in grades 9-11 of a comprehensive school / Ed. Ed. Batalova A. E., Morozovoy L. V. - M .: Publishing house of Moscow State University, Electronic edition "Biology 6-11 grade". Republican multimedia center, 2004.

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Forest - the lungs of the planet Deforestation is an environmental problem. Scientists have long been talking about the harmful effects of technological progress on nature. Climate change, ice melt, declining quality drinking water very negative impact on people's lives. Ecologists around the world have long sounded the alarm about pollution and the destruction of nature. One of the most important environmental problems is deforestation. Forest problems are visible especially in civilized states. Environmentalists believe that deforestation leads to many negative consequences for the Earth and humans.

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Without forests, there will be no life on Earth, this must be understood by those on whom their preservation depends. However, wood has long been a commodity that is expensive. And that is why the problem of deforestation is solved with such difficulty. Perhaps people just do not think that their whole life depends on this ecosystem. Although since ancient times everyone has revered the forest, giving it often magical functions. He was the breadwinner and personified the life-giving force of nature. He was loved, the trees were treated with care, and they responded to our ancestors in the same way.

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Forests of the planet In all countries, in every corner of the world, massive deforestation is being carried out. The problems of the forest are that with the destruction of trees, many more species of plants and animals die. The ecological balance in nature is disturbed. After all, the forest is not only trees. This is a well-coordinated ecosystem based on the interaction of many representatives of flora and fauna. Besides the trees great importance shrubs, herbaceous plants, lichens, insects, animals and even microorganisms have in its existence.

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Despite massive deforestation, forests still occupy about 30% of the land area. This is more than 4 billion hectares of land. More than half of them are rainforests. However, the northern ones, especially coniferous massifs, also play a great role in the ecology of the planet. The greenest countries in the world are Finland and Canada. In Russia, there are about 25% of the world's forest reserves. The least number of trees left in Europe. Now forests occupy only a third of its territory, although in ancient times it was completely covered with trees. And, for example, in England there are almost none left, only 6% of the land is given over to parks and forest plantations.

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Significance of the forest It provides humanity with oxygen. It is no coincidence that they say that the forest is the lungs of the planet. And it not only produces oxygen, but also partially absorbs chemical pollution, purifying the air. A wisely organized ecosystem accumulates carbon, which is important for the existence of life on Earth. It also helps prevent the greenhouse effect, which is increasingly threatening nature. The forest protects the surrounding area from strong temperature fluctuations, night frosts, which favorably affects the state of farmland. Scientists have found that the climate is milder where most of the territory is overgrown with trees.

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The benefit of the forest for crops also lies in the fact that it protects the soil from leaching, wind drift, landslides and mudflows. Areas overgrown with trees prevent the onset of sands. The forest also plays an important role in the water cycle. It not only filters it and stores it in the soil, but also helps to fill streams and rivers with water during spring floods, preventing waterlogging of the area. The forest helps maintain the water table and prevents floods. Absorption of moisture from the soil by the roots and intense evaporation by its leaves helps to avoid drought.

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What damage does deforestation cause? The ecological problem of the disappearance of the so-called "lungs" of the planet is already worrying many. Most people believe that this threatens to reduce oxygen stores. This is true, but this is not the main problem. The extent to which deforestation has now taken on is striking. Satellite photo of former forest areas helps to visualize the situation.

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What can this lead to: the forest ecosystem is being destroyed, many representatives of flora and fauna are disappearing; the decrease in the amount of wood and the diversity of plants leads to a deterioration in the quality of life of most people; an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide, which leads to the formation of greenhouse effect; trees cease to protect the soil (washing out of the upper layer leads to the formation of ravines, and lowering the groundwater level causes deserts); soil moisture increases, due to which swamps are formed; scientists believe that the disappearance of trees on the slopes of the mountains leads to the rapid melting of glaciers. According to researchers, deforestation causes damage to the world economy in the amount of up to 5 trillion dollars a year.

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What happens after cutting? In open space, completely different conditions are created. Therefore, a new forest grows only where the cutting area is not very large. What prevents young plants from getting stronger: The level of illumination changes. Those undergrowth plants that are accustomed to living in the shade die. Another temperature regime. Without tree protection, there is a sharper temperature fluctuation, frequent night frosts. This also leads to the death of many plants. An increase in soil moisture can lead to waterlogging. And the wind blowing moisture from the leaves of young shoots does not allow them to develop normally. The death of the roots and the decomposition of the forest floor release many nitrogenous compounds that enrich the soil. However, those plants that need just such minerals feel better on it. Raspberries or Ivan-tea grow most quickly in clearings, birch or willow shoots develop well. Therefore, the restoration of deciduous forests goes quickly if a person does not interfere in this process. But coniferous trees grow very poorly after cutting down, since they reproduce by seeds for which there are no normal development conditions. Deforestation has such negative consequences. Problem solving - what is it?

Forest zone. Geographic overview of the forest. Forest plants. Forest animals. Forest and man. Coniferous forest - a forest consisting of coniferous trees. Many mountain ranges are covered with coniferous forests. exclusively conifers less favorable places on the plain can grow, for example, northern slopes or pits with cold air. Many coniferous forests are artificial. Deciduous forest - a forest in which there are no coniferous trees. Deciduous forests are common in fairly humid areas with mild winters. Leaf litter contains many nutrients. Biological processes with the participation of earthworms and bacteria are actively taking place here. - Forest.ppt

The woods

The nature of the forest zones. coniferous forests. Mixed and deciduous forests. Use of wood resources. - Forests.ppt

Lesson Forest

Forest - natural community. Stages of the lesson. I. Organizing time 1) immersion in the lesson and reading the topic of lesson II. Dive into the lesson. The topic of the lesson is learned from the students. booklet. Explain the meaning of the word community. Today at the lesson. Modeling. Uncovering the secrets of the forest. Learning to explain environmental forecasts. Journey to the forest. Halt. Everything in the world. Needed in the world! Everyone is needed - Who makes honey and who makes poison. Ecological forecasts. What will happen if ... Insects disappear? Cut down all the bushes? Will there be mushrooms in the forest? Will predators be destroyed? What if the forests disappear? Do not break the branches of childhood For an empty celebration. - Lesson Forest.ppt

Camping in the woods

Live barometers. Possible questions. Meteorological signs. Animal behavior. Mushroom place. Porcini. Mushroom rules. Protected meadow. Contestants. Federal reserve. Plants from the Red Book. Animals from the Red Book. Enter nature as a friend. Competitors. Interaction with nature. Environmental situations. Rules of conduct in nature. Help nature and natural objects. Evaluation criteria. - Hiking in the forest.ppt

forest nature

Lesson type: Lesson - travel. Lesson objectives: To expand children's ideas about the forest; introduce rare animals and plants listed in the Red Book; repeat the rules of behavior in nature; creation of environmental signs in support of nature; development of observation cognitive interest, aesthetic taste; upbringing careful attitude to nature. Equipment: a computer, slides about animals, the Red Book of Russia, Buryatia, drawings of trees, insects, animals, a crossword puzzle, pencils and felt-tip pens, a board. Come into the green house, you will see miracles in it. Forest. Spider - cross. Coltsfoot. - Forest nature.ppt

Facts about the forest

10 interesting facts about forest nature. Witch circles in the forest. Witch circles. The oldest tree on earth. glowing mushrooms. Turtle from the sky. Walking palm. Lightning strike. Miracle from the Amazon. How many bacteria are on earth. a ton of paper. Clouds of meteoritic dust. - Forest Facts.pptx

"Forest" 3rd grade

What forest animals do you know? What forest plants do you know? Tiers of plants in the forest. What tiers of plants are shown in the picture? Write out from the text the animals of the forest of your tier. Forest animals: upper tier. Forest animals: middle tier. Forest animals: lower tier. Animals of the forest: forest floor and soil. Food chains. Find and write down the inhabitants of the forest, listed in the Red Book of the Kurgan region. - "Forest" Grade 3.ppt

Forest Knowledge

Visiting the Christmas tree. Expand the initial understanding of the forest. The forest is thick. I am a guard in the forest. Puzzles. Trees and plants. Who hid under the tree. Bear Den. A wolf lives in the forest. The bunny hid under the tree. Many animals live in the forest. The Forest Raised a Christmas Tree. - Forest Knowledge.pptx

"Forest Ecosystem" Grade 3

The world. Forest ecosystem. Nature is in danger. Development critical thinking. Protecting nature means protecting the Motherland. Read the epigraph to our lesson. Appeal to personal experience students. Contact with new information. Forest. Group work of students. Students guess. Independent reading of the text. Ecologist. Answers to the questions posed. Statements that would answer the question. Prediction tree. Creative work of students. Prohibiting environmental signs. - "Forest Ecosystem" Grade 3.PPT

forest zone

forest zone. Tiered cards. Find the extra animal. Animal. Read assignments. Vast forests. Plants. Coniferous forests. There are many animals in the forest. Check yourself. Crossword "Bear". Den. - Forest zone.ppt

Forest zone grade 4

Tomsk Regional Center for Internet Education. Forest zone. The woods. Taiga. broadleaf forests. Mixed forest. Coniferous forests. Spruce. Pine. Fir. Pine cedar. Larch. Coniferous trees. Birch. Aspen. Cedar. deciduous trees. Oak. Maple. Linden. Forest animals. The meaning of the forest. House for plants, animals, mushrooms. Defender of air, reservoirs, soils. Resting place for man. Source of berries, mushrooms, medicinal plants. Source of wood. Forest problems. Cutting down. Illegal hunting. Air pollution. Shallowing of rivers. Lack of oxygen. Reducing the number of animals. Reduction and complete disappearance many kinds of animals. - Forest zone 4 class.pps

forest community

The forest is a natural community. Why is it called the forest. Content. Community Study Plan. During the classes. Questions and assignments for the class. Animals that live in the forest. Work with students. The forest is a home for animals, where they live and eat. Independent research work students. Does the forest need mushrooms? Research progress. In one of the steppe regions, forest strips were planted. Mushrooms are very necessary for the forest. Mushrooms feed on many animals living in the forest. Mushrooms are essential for the forest. How does natural balance develop in the forest? mouse offspring. Mice bring huge offspring. Foxes, weasels, owls live in the forest and feed on mice. - Forest community.ppt

The forest is our wealth

Spring forest. Autumn forest. Winter forest. summer forest. Interesting Facts about the forest. What not to do in the forest. Guess the animals. Wolf. Elk. Lynx. Rabbit. Guess the birds. Nightingale. Titmouse. Woodpecker. Schur. - Forest is our wealth.ppt

Forests of planet Earth

The meaning of forests. Forest - part of the surface globe covered with woody plants. Areas occupied by trees with a crown density of less than 0.2-0.3 are considered light forests. Do not leave glasses, pieces of paper, etc. in the forest. People, take care of the forest! Winter and autumn. Spring and summer. Burning forest. Food chains in the forest. Forest animals. Paper is made from wood. Pine trunks. Houses and baths are built from pine trunks. Take care of the forest!!! - Forests of planet Earth.pptx

The world around the forest

The characteristic soils of our region are ... A) chernozems. B) tundra soils. C) podzolic soils. D) gray forest soils. Chernozem soils predominate ... A) in the tundra. B) in the forest zone. B) in the steppes. D) in the desert. Soil fertility depends on the amount of ... A) sand. B) humus. B) clay. D) salt. From humus under the influence of microorganisms is formed .. A) water. B) air. B) rocks. D) salt. From the remains of dead plants and animals, under the influence of microorganisms, .. A) sand. B) clay. B) humus. D) ill. The composition of the soil includes ... A) carbon dioxide, limestone, air, water. - World around Forest.pptx

Forest - natural wealth

The forest is our wealth. What grows in the forest. Get to know the tree. This grandmother is a hundred years old, she does not have a hump. Recognize a tree by its leaf. Quiz "Forest". Shrubs. Nature must be protected and cherished. Forest flowers. The forest is the protector of man. Never do that. - Forest - natural wealth.ppt

Forest as a natural community

Forest life. The forest is a natural community. Contents: Natural community. Forest floors. Trees Shrubs Shrubs and grasses Mosses and lichens. Trees. Shrubs. Shrubs and herbs. Mosses and lichens. Forest floors. The meaning of mushrooms. Forest pad. Fallen leaves, remnants of old grass, dry branches. Natural balance. - Forest as a natural community.ppt

The world around 3 class "Forest"

L.N. Tolstoy. The forest is a natural community. Society. Science Magazine"Forest Brotherhood". 1 group-zoologists. 2 group-botanists. Group 3 - mycologists. 4 group-ecologists. Group work. Air. Plants. Animals. The soil. Water. - The world around 3 class "Forest".ppt

Forests of Russia

Forests of Russia. Getting to know geographic location. Taiga. Coniferous trees. Mixed and deciduous forests. Trees of mixed and deciduous forests. Fizkultminutka. Animal world. Flame. Handsome. wears a fur coat all year round. Horn brushes. We recognize the animal with you. sharp knife. Bird. Trills. Flying all night. Food chains. Grass cover. Forest animals. The woods. - Forests of Russia.ppt

Russian forest zone

Natural zones of Russia. Forest zone. Lesson of natural history in the 4th grade. The nature of Russia is very diverse. Why does the nature of our country change from north to south? The fact is that the sun does not evenly heat different parts of the Earth. Map of natural zones of Russia. Ice zone - Arctic. Arctic ... On the islands of the Arctic is located ice zone. Tundra. For thousands of kilometers from west to east, there is a cold treeless plain ... Forest. The forest zone occupies more than half of the territory of Russia. There are many ponds and meadows. Forest types. Coniferous forests. Broad-leaved forests. Cedar. Cedar - Siberian cedar pine. - Forest zone of Russia.ppt

Forest zone of Russia

"....... the zone of Russia." Natural zones of Russia. Test "Tundra". Check yourself. The card is a help. Forest and trees. Animals. Add text. Forest zone of Russia. Parts of the forest zone. Concepts. Problem question. - Forest zone of Russia.ppt

spruce forest

The Forest Raised a Christmas Tree. Green friend. Forest. Elnik. Borovik. Squirrel. Birds. A knock is flying through the forest. Mouse. Grouse. Hare. Project stages. - Spruce forest.ppt

oak forest

Creative project. Power supply schemes. Creative skills students. Make up a word. Sun. Weakness and strength of oak. Strength and weakness. Who is oak friends with. Oak. Food web in the oak forest. Food chains. - Oak Forest.ppt

temperate forests

temperate forests

Theme: "Forests temperate zone". Answer the following questions in a group: Is the forest a natural community? Tree groups. Herbarium work. The benefits of the forest. Forest: coniferous (taiga) and deciduous. AT temperate climate seasons are pronounced: winter spring summer autumn. For a fish - water, for a bird - air, and for the beast - forest and mountains. - Temperate forests.ppt

Forest and man

Topic educational project: What gives the forest to man? The world. natural areas. Russia is a country of forests. The purpose of the project: the formation of environmental literacy of students. Project Objectives: To introduce students to the meaning of the forest. Consider environmental problems in the forest belt that arise through the fault of man. To teach students to formulate educational tasks, to choose ways of activity. Develop public presentation skills. Stages and terms of the project: Choosing a creative name for the project (together with students) -2 lesson, 10 minutes. Discussing the work plan of students individually or in a group - 2nd lesson, 15 minutes. - Forest and man.ppt

Forest in human life

The value of the forest in human life. Forest. Hello forest. Our wealth. Types of forests. Taiga. Mixed forest. Coniferous trees. The forest is wonderful. Trees. Tiers of the forest. The forest is the home for all forest dwellers. Forest animals. Honey mushrooms. Medicinal herbs. The value of the forest in nature. The negative impact of man on the forest. Forests are the "lungs" of the planet. Absorption carbon dioxide different types of trees. What are the benefits of forests to humans? human use of the forest. The forest is building material. Wooden souvenirs. We use technology in class. Let's keep our wealth. Few forests - plant, a lot of forests - take care. - Forest in human life.ppt

The role of the forest in people's lives

The forest is our friend. Ideas about the role of the forest in human life. Russian forest. Grass. The role of the forest in human life. The meaning of the forest. Environmental problems the woods. Experiences. Paper. Our help to the forest. Poem by I. Trofimova. Circle of ecological knowledge. - The role of the forest in people's lives.ppt

Invisible threads in the forest

invisible threads in autumn forest. The most fun thing in the world." Subject: Invisible threads in the autumn forest. Autumn forest. Lesson objectives: Install invisible threads in the autumn forest. Live nature. Animals. Plants. Microorganisms. bacteria. Inanimate nature. Sun. Water. Air. Invisible threads are connections in nature. Inanimate nature Living nature. Animals animals. Plants animals people. 1. Sticky buds, green leaves. Winter and summer in one color. 4. I have a longer needle than a Christmas tree. Very straight I grow in height. 5. Green in the spring, tanned in the summer. In autumn, I put on red corals. - Invisible threads in the forest.ppt

Test "Forest"

Test. Natural zone. Mixed forests. Natural zones of Russia. Permafrost. Fir, spruce, larch. What plants have adapted to life in spruce forest. The following animals of the forest belt are listed in the Red Book. Which line lists only the animals of the forest zone. Ecological problems of the forest zone. There is a nature reserve on the territory of the forest zone. Phytoncides. Forest protection. - Forest test.ppt

Questions about the forest

Forest lesson. Lesson objectives. In the spring it amuses, in the summer it cools, in the autumn it nourishes, in the winter it warms. Dense forest. I got out of the crumbs - barrels. Examining branches of pine, spruce, birch, maple, oak. The role of the forest in human life. Wood products. The nimble little animal lives in a hollow hut. Let's help the squirrel to dry mushrooms for the winter. Planting a forest. Pine. Fizminutka. The forest is our wealth. Learning idioms and tongue twisters. A challenge for ingenuity. She sits on a branch in the forest, alone. Cuckoo. Feed the birds in winter. -

Presentation on the topic: Forest Presentation on the topic: Forest What is a forest? Pines to heaven, Birches and oaks, Berries, mushrooms. . . Animal paths, Hills and lowlands, Soft grass, An owl on a bitch. Silvery lily of the valley, Clean-clean air And a spring with living Spring water.

Forest - natural complex woody, shrubby, herbaceous and other plants, as well as animals and microorganisms that are biologically interconnected in their development and influence each other and the external environment. The forest forms a more or less dense forest stand. Forest renders big influence on soil formation, climate, moisture circulation processes, etc. The forest is one of the planetary accumulators of living matter in the biosphere. The forest actively interacts with the troposphere and determines the level of oxygen and carbon exchange.

The forest is a crop, a source of food and raw materials. The forest is an indispensable place of rest and a disinterested friend of man. And our common task is to protect and increase it. The most terrible enemy of the forest is a fire that mercilessly destroys all life in its path.

Twilight and heat stand in the forest, Resins show through the bark. And you will enter the forest distance and the wilderness - The land smells like ant alcohol. In more often anthills do not sleep, Move, move, rustle. . . And hiding in green carpets, Inhaling the fragrance of flowers, Millions of light insects Incessantly buzz. I. S. Nikitin.

The forest was and will continue to be for sure A priceless gift - we judge among ourselves. And most importantly, it will grow through the ages for the joy of Himself and for the joy of people.

Nalibokskaya Pushcha is a natural attraction of Belarus Not far from Minsk, just some 90 km, there is an amazingly beautiful place, which has been touched to a small extent by merciless human activity - Nalibokskaya Pushcha is one of the largest forests in Belarus, according to separate sources, in modern Eastern Europe. Crossed by many small and medium-sized watercourses, it not only plays an important role in shaping the hydrological regime of the adjacent territories, but also gives them a unique landscape. Penetrated by numerous streams and rivers, like veins, the forest is a unique natural complex that has become home to many rare plants and animals. Exactly. Nalibokskaya Pushcha is a genetic reservoir for river trout and grayling.

Nalibokskaya Pushcha is not a nature reserve and national park Belarus. But despite this, the Nalibokskaya flora remains unusually diverse. It contains only 820 higher species of plants, according to the number of which it is the richest flora of the Belarusian reserves. Almost a quarter of the plants are medicinal, many of them are listed in the Red Book: Arnica mountain, lunar resurrecting. It is customary to officially call Nalibokskaya Pushcha the Territory Important for Birds, since here you can meet 29 species of birds, which are also listed in the Red Book, including populations of the kingfisher and the lesser spotted eagle that are important throughout Belarus

Nalibokskaya Pushcha is a natural breeding area for bison, a "town" of beavers. The largest forest area in Belarus and, probably, in all of Eastern Europe. This is a whole “country” - larger in area, for example, Lebanon or Kuwait, and in terms of the originality of nature and the richness of myths and historical images, it is very different from the rest of Belarus.

The flora of the Nalibokskaya Pushcha is rich and varied: over a thousand species of vascular and bryophyte plants are found here. Almost from early spring to late autumn, they circle in a motley round dance, replacing a friend. Even before the first foliage appears on the trees, forest thawed patches are covered with a soft blue carpet: copses, spring rank, violets are blooming, and starlets are shining brightly among them. Wild garlic grows in swampy depressions and damp forests - a bear's onion. Its wide juicy green leaves lined up in continuous rows, as in the beds. . next door in the same environmental conditions broad-leaved bell grows - a plant rarely found in our republic amazing beauty. On a tall stem, deep in the axils of the leaves turn blue large flowers 4-6 cm long, reminiscent of garden forms. This type of bell is guarded. Under the canopy of foliage, the flowering of herbs in the Pushcha is no longer so amicable.

Forest is one of the main types of vegetation cover of the earth, the source of the most ancient material on earth - wood, a source of useful plant products, a habitat for animals. But, first of all, the forest is a source of oxygen necessary for life!

Illegal logging causes significant damage to forests! As a result of their actions, the clutter of forests with dry deadwood is growing and their fire hazard is increasing! In addition, "Black Lumberjacks" do not perform reforestation work on cut areas (planting new trees). As a result of natural reforestation processes, valuable tree species are often replaced by less valuable ones! For example, aspens and birches grow in place of cut down pines. "Black lumberjacks" choose only valuable marketable wood, the rest is left in the forest.

Forest fires A forest fire is a spontaneous, uncontrolled spread of fire across a forest area. The peak of forest fires occurs in July-August. Causes of forest fires are varied: forest combustible material, weather, terrain. But the main culprits of fires are people! Spring grass burns, forest tourism, deforestation and littering of forests - all this can cause forest fire!

Littering forests with waste In addition, waste pollutes forest water bodies, soil and can lead to temporary loss of soil fertility. During the decay of garbage, toxic substances are released into the atmosphere that poison atmospheric air. As a result, people get sick, and plants and animals can die. It should be remembered that littered areas in the forest are a place of increased fire danger! For example, in sunny weather fragments from glass bottles focus the sun's rays like a magnifying glass. the main task forest guests - keep the forest clean and tidy!

To preserve forests in the Arkhangelsk region, environmental protection measures State control bodies are working to identify illegal tree felling. According to the administrative code, illegal logging, damage or unauthorized digging is punishable by a fine of 3-3.5 thousand rubles. For the prevention of fires, the following is carried out: - Fire prevention explanatory work with the population and enterprises; - Identification of fires and ignition sources in forests; - Elimination of sources of ignition (places of littering with waste, dry deadwood). Reforestation work is underway.

1. Annual collection of seed material (cones of pine and spruce). The collection is carried out during the ripening of the cones, in January-February. 2. Growing seedlings coniferous trees: - Obtaining spruce and pine seeds from cones; - Sowing seeds in nurseries; - Cultivation of seedlings in special nurseries for 2-3 years. 3. Preparation of the forest area for planting seedlings. 4. Planting seedlings. From the first day of cultivation, it is necessary to take care of the future forest: straighten seedlings, remove grassy and unwanted woody vegetation(birch, aspen), fertilize, lighten, clean and thin out the future forest. It takes years to grow spruce suitable for industrial use! Reforestation - growing forests in areas that have been cut down, fires, etc. Stages of reforestation:

Don't leave trash in the forest! The rest of the food can be left in the forest, the forest dwellers will be grateful to you, and if they are not nearby, a natural process of decomposition will occur. All non-food garbage, do not be too lazy to take it out of the forest to the nearest container. Remember that leaving the garbage today, tomorrow you may not find a clean place in the forest! Don't burn at the stake hazardous waste: (polyethylene, rubber, plastic bottles and etc.). Harmful flue gases pollute the air and can cause serious illness in humans. Do not break glass bottles! You, other people, forest animals can get hurt, and in the hot summer, glass actually becomes a magnifying glass and can cause a fire. Do not throw burning matches in the forest! If you find that the forest floor has started to burn or smolder from a thrown cigarette butt, match or fire, carefully extinguish it, fill it with water or cover it with damp earth.

Make the fire right! Choose a place for a fire away from trees, at a distance of at least 1.5 meters. Otherwise, you can make a forest fire, which is very difficult to put out! Do not set up a fire pit in a new place if there is one already ready nearby. When you leave, make sure the fire is out! The fire should be filled with water, making sure that it does not flare up again. Don't light a fire during fire season! AT hot weather the risk of fire is very high. The labor of many people will be destroyed, the animals and birds living in the forest will suffer! If you find a fire in the forest, report it! Phones: (specialized dispatch service)