At the end, conclusions are drawn. Conclusion Template

If you are a student, you should know that most of all the teacher remembers the introduction and conclusion of any test paper. This is still a German psychologist - the experimenter Hermann Ebbinghaus proved in one of his many experiments: the human mind remembers the beginning and end of what is heard.

Why is the conclusion in the abstract so important?

That is why, if a university student expects a high grade, the most strengths his abstract should have an introduction and a conclusion.

On the first point, we already know, and now we know well, how to write this mandatory component of the test paper correctly.

It remains to increase your academic performance and awareness to find out how to write a conclusion in the abstract, and on what aspects of this creative work pay special attention.

In fact, essay- this is a test work that has the same purpose as a course and diploma project - checking the student's knowledge, so in any case the student will have to try.

What is it for?

What is the conclusion to the abstract?

The conclusion to the abstract is a mandatory structural unit of the verification work, which:

Structures the content;

Highlights the main points;

Makes brief but capacious conclusions;

Gives an answer to main question abstract;

Summarizes the practical and theoretical part;

Makes a general impression of the read.

Now it is clear why students work so hard on the conclusion, because, if it is correctly drawn up, then the number additional questions on the part of the teacher there will be much less, and maybe not at all.

This is a kind of “summary” of the work submitted to the public, therefore, even if the teacher listened to something during the answer or report, he will certainly fill this gap in knowledge by carefully reading the conclusion of the abstract.

When drawing up a conclusion, it is important to pay attention not only to its content and literacy of writing, but also to the correct design, which must also comply with all requirements, rules, standards and GOSTs (like term paper and diploma).

Rules for the conclusion of the abstract

The student must distinguish between the content of the main part and the conclusion of the abstract, which is why on a separate sheet on the first line there should be an entry: “Content”.

It is written block letters and it is desirable that it be in bold type. The point at the end of this word is not put, the title is not written.

In this case, the word "conclusion" will act as a table of contents.

After it, you need to skip one line, and only then proceed from the paragraph to a summary of your thoughts.

The conclusion of the abstract in any case should be brief, and contain no more than 1 - 2 pages of printed text (no more than 5 - 10% of the entire work).

The font used is Times New Roman, the font size is in the range 11-14, the line spacing is 1-1.5.

“Water” and non-meaningful sentences in the conclusion are strictly forbidden to be written, so each phrase must be complete and meaningful.

Repetitions of the same, single-root words in adjacent sentences are not welcome, and it is also impossible to copy individual phrases taken from the main part of the work.

The conclusion is the creative part of the work!

It is important to understand that the conclusion is the author's essay on a given topic in a journalistic and partly scientific style.

In this obligatory part of the work, you can optionally use the following phrases: “we received”, “we considered”, “we investigated”, “thus”, “we came to the conclusion”, “we found out”, “we succeeded ...”, "we got ..." and others, corresponding to the given topic and not deviating from the chosen style of writing.

There is little secret: any conclusion should contain a short summary of the problem posed in the assignment and summary her decisions.

The student, as if point by point, must write what he received and what he achieved when performing his calculations. This is important, otherwise, among all that has been said, the checking teacher may not catch the very “grain of truth” for which this work was created.

Another one little hint: today the Internet is a large number of examples of essays that will become for a modern student excellent example to emulate.

It is required not so much to write off other people's thoughts, but to understand for yourself what the teacher ideally wants to see in this mandatory part of the work.

It is important not to confuse: there is a “conclusion”, and there are separately “conclusions”, and both of these components of the test work are necessarily found in a course or diploma project, and in the abstract of the conclusion, as a separate structural unit, it is quite enough to systematize and structure the content.

And the last thing: the conclusion of the abstract is necessary so that the student can emphasize the significance of his abstract and draw the attention of all students to the most important points.

To summarize: in conclusion, you must:

1. Briefly describe the work performed and the results obtained;

2. Briefly mention the methods for achieving the goal set in the introduction;

3. Give the advantages and disadvantages of the problem solved (highlight in a different style);

4. Draw harmonious conclusions;

If you have described all these points, then the teacher should not have any additional questions on the topic of work.

Every diligent student can write a quality conclusion, if, of course, he sets a goal and follows simple rules below.

Rule One . Carefully read the main part of the abstract, and then try to retell it; and not just, but informative theses.

Rule Two . It is not at all necessary to describe in detail the content of each chapter, the main thing is to start not from the structure of the abstract, but from the given topic and the goal set in the introduction. For more understanding the conclusion can be easily "concocted" from the introduction and conclusions, only it is necessary to correctly present the information and in no case be repeated.

Rule Three . There may be several conclusions on the abstract, but in the end conclusion must be complete., but written in a single style - scientific and journalistic. If there are several conclusions on the content and topic of the work, then one should smoothly flow into the other, while not losing the meaning of the story.

Rule Four . In custody no need to use bulleted or numbered lists, and even if a transfer is required, it is recommended to issue it complex sentence, but do not overload them with colorful epithets and numerous commas. But brief explanations in the conclusion certainly will not be superfluous, they will only concisely complete the story.

Rule Five . If necessary, the conclusion can use terminology, but in fact. There is no need to give unnecessary definitions and lengthy explanations, since all of them should be present in the content of the work itself.

And the last thing: it is best to draw up any conclusion first in a draft, and then show it to the teacher or submit it for verification.

A competent teacher will immediately determine right places and will cross out the “water”, and some sentences will even offer to rephrase, replace, supplement. After such a qualitative check, it will be much easier to make a final version of the work.

Teachers about the conclusion of the essay

Each teacher pays special attention to the introduction and conclusion of the abstract. He is concerned about the following:

Introduction and conclusion should be written in the same style. while still being relevant to the same topic.

It often happens that the conclusion does not correspond to the topic of the essay, and all the efforts of the student are in vain. At best, only the name will have to be changed in the work, and at worst, rewritten again.

The conclusion should not contain spelling, lexical and punctuation errors, which are striking and only spoil the positive impression of the read. So my advice to all students is to proofread your papers well before submitting them for review.

If a the conclusion is drawn up concisely and written in a literate language using terms, it will only emphasize high level preparation and deep knowledge on the topic of the university student.

Such work will be highly commendable, and the teacher will definitely take the author into his own “note”, so to speak.

In conclusion, be sure there should be a couple of brief proposals about the prospects for given topic . This is the main conclusion of the abstract, which should not be overlooked! It is on this optimistic note that you can complete your work, and then do not forget to specify the list reference literature, which was used when creating the abstract.

Conclusion: I hope now you know how to write a conclusion in an essay, term paper and graduation project correctly and correctly. Nothing complicated, if, of course, you yourself wrote your essay on a given topic, and did not download once again the first one that came across from the Internet!

Now you know about how to write a conclusion in an essay.

Well, it's time to start writing the final part thesis, which will reflect the conclusions and results of the study. The attitude of students towards writing conclusions is ambiguous. Many believe that there is “nonsense” left, all the hardest things are behind. But many graduate students sit at the monitor for days, clasping their heads in their hands: the conclusion is not glued, and that's it!

What is the difficulty in writing a conclusion? The fact that you need to write conclusions - that is, do not write off from the book, and not even describe the experiments, but harmoniously and logically formulate the results of the work done. In other words, think independently to the fullest.

If you do not know how to write a conclusion to a thesis, professionals can do it for you. You can have a studentlancer and solve this problem with minimal effort.

The second option is to figure out how to write a conclusion in a thesis, using our article.

What should be written in conclusion?

The conclusion of the thesis is a mandatory one, following immediately after the main part, up to bibliographic list and links. The content of the conclusion is:

- the most important conclusions on the theoretical and practical aspects of the problem, which the author came to in the process of writing the work;
- the final assessment of the empirical study (if any) with brief description its results;
– protection of the main provisions that distinguish this thesis research from the works of its predecessors;
– practical proposals that can be implemented in practice (if there is a practical part of the thesis);
— opinion on further prospects for the study of the topic;
— summing up the general results (whether the goals and objectives set in the introduction have been achieved, whether the hypothesis has been confirmed).

In other words, the conclusion is short review the results obtained in the process of graduation research, and independent analytical conclusions made on their basis.

Like the introduction, the conclusion is regulated in form and content, but there are some differences. The regulation deals rather with the elements of the conclusion and the requirement of compliance with the introduction. If it is relatively easy to write according to a template, then there are more personal thoughts in the conclusion, since this part of the thesis is devoted to the conclusions of the author.

The structure of the conclusion and its volume

In terms of volume, the conclusion is usually 3-4 pages. As a rule, it is somewhat smaller than the introduction, although their main elements correspond to each other (the hypothesis, goals, and tasks mentioned in the introduction are also reflected in the final part of the diploma). However, if the introduction and conclusion are equal in volume, this will not be a mistake; the main thing is to adhere to the principles of capacity and conciseness, to write to the point.

The structure of the conclusion should be as follows:

Introductory part. Some graduate students start right off the bat: "As a result of the study, we confirmed the hypothesis that ...". So, this is an example of how not to write a conclusion to a diploma. Dedicate a few sentences of the introductory part, an introduction to the problem to which you have devoted your scientific work.
The main part of the conclusion contains conclusions, results, results of the study. You must reflect all the points of the theoretical and practical parts, give answers to the questions that you posed in the introduction. To make the conclusion logical and coherent, do not jump like a mountain sheep over the rocks. State the conclusions sequentially, adhering to the structure of the main part of the thesis. It will be logical to look at the presentation of the conclusions according to the tasks set in the introduction. The main part of the conclusion is completed by stating that you have achieved the goal of the work and proved the hypothesis.
The final part of the conclusion (such a tautology) is devoted to confirming the practical value of your work. Here you need to give out your invaluable recommendations on improving the object of study, the possibility of putting your developments into practice.

How to simplify the process of writing a conclusion to the diploma, examples

The conclusion to the diploma should be written briefly, but capaciously and in detail. The simplest option that can pass for a life hack is to simply collect the conclusions by points and chapters and slightly process them (a simple copy-paste will not work). But this approach will bring you, most likely, no more than a "troika".

To get a high score, you need not just move the conclusions made in the process to the conclusion. Conclusions need to be summarized, to achieve their integrity. A serious mistake is the poor compatibility of conclusions on theory and practice. That is, the student devotes half of the conclusion to the conclusions on the theoretical part, half - on the practical. So how should it be? And you need to write a general conclusion on all the diploma, linking theoretical and practical implications together. After all, the purpose of the conclusion is to give integrity, completeness to the work.

When writing a conclusion, it is necessary to use a scientific style of presentation. The well-established introductory formulations that can be used in conclusion in the thesis will help to simplify the work, for example:

When stating the results that demonstrate your achievement of the goal set in the introduction and the solution of the tasks set, you can use the following well-established expressions and speech formulas:

To get an idea of how to write a conclusion, take a couple of diplomas written in your department (preferably from your own supervisor). You will have before your eyes a sample of the conclusion of the thesis, which you need to focus on.

The writing of the conclusion must be taken seriously. It is the introduction and conclusion (and sometimes only the conclusion) that in most cases are read by those who want to get acquainted with the student's thesis research. If the conclusion is written successfully, then the work will look complete, solid. The conclusion itself will form the basis of your defensive speech.

Diploma defense is the most important stage of education in any university, which will require high dedication.

During the student's speech, the members of the commission do not have time to read the entire work. The subject of their close attention are two sections - introduction and conclusion. It is in the conclusion that the whole concept of the study is briefly presented and significant results are collected. The preparation of this part of the project must be taken very responsibly.

What should be in the conclusions of the chapters of the thesis:

Conclusions on the 1st (theoretical) chapter are formulated on the basis of a study of various thematic sources. Studying the materials, you can notice their inconsistency. Therefore, the primary task of the student is to reflect his vision of the subject. It is necessary to emphasize the relevance of the topic, its significance in scientific world and express your own opinion.
Conclusions to Chapter 2 (analytical) usually have the character of advisory developments. Since the calculations are often very voluminous, it is recommended to sum up a little for each paragraph considered.
The conclusion on the 3rd (practical) chapter should emphasize the novelty of the conducted research. It should be indicated that the proposed measures can be applied in practice in relation to the object of study. All voiced proposals must be supported by the actual material and the data received.

How to write conclusions for a chapter in a thesis?

Most students believe that they can write in their own words, giving each question a few sentences. However, this approach is erroneous. Conclusions should be concise, but, at the same time, relate directly to the results of the study. We offer you the following instructions:

Your work will consist of approximately two or three chapters, and each of them should have at least two paragraphs. To make it easier to draw a conclusion at the end of the chapter, write intermediate paragraphs for each paragraph.
The volume is 0.5-1 page. It should be formulated very clearly and clearly, reflect the main aspects of the study and the results obtained.
The best way to write conclusions is to summarize them in key points. The number of points themselves can be from three to ten.
The reader should get an idea of the directions of your work and its concrete results.

What if you can't draw your own conclusions? - Please contact our Training Center! Our competent specialists will prepare for you quality work on any topic and in the shortest possible time! Always happy to help you!

Examples of conclusions for chapters in the thesis:

1 chapter (theoretical)

Based on the considered theoretical material on profit and profitability management construction organization the following was established.

The key category that underlies economic development, is the profit. Integrity economic system, which unites all subsystems into one whole, is held due to its focus on making a profit. And it is thanks to this landmark that the market system does not fall apart, as happened with the Soviet economy, where profit was an artificial category without real market content. Profit arises only in non-equilibrium conditions, in other words, it is the potential for non-equilibrium, and this, in turn, stimulates entrepreneurial activity.

Chapter 2 (economic)

Based on the assessment of profit and profitability management construction company the following conclusions can be drawn.
Analysis results economic activity LLC "" for 2011 - 2013 indicate the expansion of the scale of the enterprise, which is expressed by an increase in the volume construction work for 19123 million rubles. or 7.52% in relative terms.
As can be seen from the analysis of profit dynamics in Table 2.11, the gross profit of the enterprise in 2013 increased by 12294 million rubles, which was caused by a higher growth rate of sales proceeds than production costs.

Chapter 3 (suggestions)

Based on the analysis of the activities of OOO "" in the second chapter of the work, it was found that the company needs measures to increase profits and profitability. Taking this into account, measures were developed to improve the efficiency of using the available resources of the LLC. Based on the implementation of the proposed measures, the profit of the enterprise will be n-157023 million rubles, profitability will increase by 11.99%, which is a positive trend in the work of the enterprise, since those cash that remain at the disposal of the company after the payment of dividends, according to the proposed measures is 55%. These funds can be used to upgrade fixed assets and replenish the working capital of the enterprise.

Thus, according to the proposed measures to improve the capital structure through optimization, it has an economic effect of 280.21% and its application is appropriate.

We set a goal and outlined tasks, designed a title page and a list of references. It would seem that you can relax and enjoy life. But no, in any work the results must be summed up and conclusions drawn. So hands to feet - and write a conclusion. And we will help you.

The conclusion is an indispensable part in the structure of the work. How to write a conclusion in an abstract? Many students want to know the answer to this question. After all, GOST and teaching aids do not provide rules for the design and content of the conclusion. And by the way, the conclusion is the most important part of the abstract, since it summarizes and structures the entire material.

The conclusion is the conclusions that are based on the tasks and objectives of the study.

The result (conclusion) of the abstract is the conclusions correlated with the goal and objectives with a personal assessment and their own conclusions. main feature conclusion is as follows: the conclusions are formulated in their own words, and not quoted by phrases from parts of the work. The results in the conclusion should be substantiated and supported by facts from each section of the abstract.

How to write a conclusion? Strict and scientific. The conclusion is stated scientific style: without personal pronouns and "water" words - only facts and own conclusions.

The conclusion should:

disclose the purpose and objectives of the study;
provide statistics and analytics;
articulate clearly and unambiguously.

The conclusion should contain only conclusions on the work. No tables, graphs and links to third-party sources.

If a student "became attached" to the subject of the work, then when summing up, there is a personal attitude to the problem or prospects for further research.

By the way! For our readers there is now a 10% discount on

Please note that the conclusion should correspond to the tasks of the work that are set in the introduction. A bad conclusion is a summary of the sources on the topic, a good one is the author's thoughts about the topic's problems.

Phrase templates for the conclusion to the abstract

To avoid tautologies in the conclusion and to formulate conclusions clearly and clearly, we recommend using speech patterns and clichés:

based on the analysis of the studied literature...;
but summing up the above... ;
thus, it can be argued... ;
the work done allows ... ;
in conclusion, it should be noted ... ;
summarizing the above... ;
based on analysis... ;
research has shown... ;
the material presented in the work allows us to conclude ...;
on the basis of the work carried out, it can be assumed ...;
determined that... ;
research authors come to... ;
we researched (received) ...;
we succeeded...

If logic is not your forte, then do not suffer in vain, trying to sum up the abstract. Let the professionals do it. You only need to contact

In an abstract? If earlier such works were written only by students, then after the modernization of the domestic education system, schoolchildren were given a similar duty.

Feature of abstracts

Before talking about how to write a conclusion to an abstract, the template of which is given below, we note that an abstract is one of the forms of summarizing information on a specific problem.

Competently compiling a report on the work done is the key to obtaining a high score.

Instruction

When discussing how to write a conclusion in an abstract, let's talk about the structure. Among constituent parts, which must be in such work, we single out:

introduction;
main part;
conclusion.

There are certain design requirements title page. It provides full information about the author, title of work, volume educational institution on which the abstract is based.

Continuing the conversation about how to write a conclusion in an abstract, we highlight that after the title page, the content is supposed to be in the work. It is desirable to divide the main part into separate chapters, each of which also has its own subtitle.

Bibliography

First, it is important to list all literary sources, only after that you can draw up the conclusion of the abstract. We will present a sample below, first we will identify the requirements for textbooks.

They are listed in alphabetical order, with the obligatory indication of the authors, publisher, year of issue, number of pages.

Conclusion specifics

Let's find out how to write This part of the work can be considered as a summary of the author's theoretical and practical work.

How to write a conclusion in an abstract? An example of the end of the work is shown below. It indicates that this part should not exceed two pages of text.

Despite the minimum amount of text, in this section it is necessary to indicate the results that were obtained by the author in the course of his creative activity.

How to cope with this complex and responsible task? How to write a conclusion in an abstract? These questions are of interest to both schoolchildren and students of Russian educational institutions.

The final part should be filled with meaning, carry information about the main content of the work. You need to look at the main part, highlight the main idea from it. You can not limit yourself to copying sentences from work, it is important to rework them, arm yourself with synonyms.

With the correct interpretation of the idea that was taken for the abstract itself, in conclusion, a meaningful text with the results of the activity is obtained. There should be a relationship between the goals set in the first part of the work and the summed up results.

Let's continue the conversation about how to write a conclusion in an abstract. The examples offered to students and schoolchildren to get acquainted with the structure of such works indicate that certain semantic phrases and expressions should be present in the conclusion:

managed to come to a conclusion;
we have received;
we have analyzed.

We talked about how to write a conclusion in an abstract. We will present a sample of the finished work using the example of a chemical study. But first, let's give some useful tips, which will help to create a high-quality work that deserves the high appraisal of experts. So, how to write a conclusion in an abstract? The cliche of activity suggests a certain algorithm, which should be discussed in more detail:

Don't be lazy. Abstract work should be the result of a long-term independent activity of a schoolchild (student).
Conclusion is important part work or work, therefore, the perception of the entire work directly depends on the literacy of its writing.
It is necessary to formulate the material presented in the main part in such a way that the conclusion contains only the main idea of the abstract.

You do not need to describe all the chapters and sections, you need to make brief conclusions from them that complement each other.

If there is no logical connection between the main and final parts, the abstract is considered incomplete, the teacher will return it for revision.

Try to arrange the last part of the work in such a way that it does not contradict the materials that were found during the study.

It is undesirable to stretch this part over several pages, this will create a negative attitude towards the thoughts presented.

First Example: Physics

To understand how you can complete the abstract work, several concrete examples. AT school curriculum in physics, abstract activity is given special attention. When considering the topic "Aggregate states of matter", schoolchildren are invited to self-study one of the natural phenomena.

If the purpose of the study is to explain precipitation, then the main part of the abstract deals with the transition from liquid state of aggregation into a solid.

What will the conclusion look like in such a work? It is proposed to complete such an essay as follows: "Based on the literary material, we managed to find out that snow falls as a result of the transition of water into hard look when the temperature drops."

Example for a Literature Abstract

Among those academic disciplines that are difficult to imagine without abstract activity, we note the humanitarian disciplines: history, social science, literature. If the theme of the activity was the study of the attitude of contemporaries to poetic heritage M. Yu. Lermontov, the final part of the abstract should contain the personal position of the author of the abstract.

For example: "After analyzing various literary sources, we managed to find out that the relevance of the poems written by M. Yu. Lermontov has not been lost. The patriotic theme of his poetry makes us overestimate people's attitude to their historical roots, the spiritual heritage of their ancestors."

An example of a conclusion in a chemistry paper

Although chemistry is more experimental academic discipline, in this scientific field, schoolchildren also often carry out serious abstract activities. Suppose that in the process of studying the topic “Finding metals in nature”, the teacher invites the children to prepare abstract papers on various minerals. If the child has set a goal - to study natural deposits aluminum compounds, in the final part of the work he should present the results:

"Analysis of literary sources showed that aluminum is found in nature in the form of ores. Their main component is aluminum oxide. Considering that such minerals are widespread in nature, we were able to confirm their importance for the modern chemical and engineering industries."

Essays on physical education lessons

In the domestic educational system, abstract activity is carried out even in the classroom. physical culture. For example, the guys are offered an analysis of the history of the development of skiing. How can you complete finished work to make it attractive? When writing a conclusion, it is important to use cliches, that is, those phrases that will help formulate the main idea of the study:

"Literature analysis showed that skiing in our country has always been given increased attention. We managed to find out that the first stage in the formation of future athletes was the organization of children's and youth sports schools."

Conclusion

An abstract can be thought of as a publication that highlights a specific topic. That is why it is so important to choose the right phrases and expressions for its final part.

Thanks to the reform of the Russian educational system at all levels of education, new state standards. They involve a serious design and research activities not only in high school, but also in elementary school.

The child receives theoretical skills in drawing up an abstract (project) algorithm, learns to plan the goal of his research, and set tasks for himself. The main difference between abstract work and research is the qualitative literature review on the chosen issue.

It is on how accurately the goal of the essay is formulated that the choice of a sequence of actions, the possibility of writing a high-quality conclusion depends.

It should be understood that there must be a relationship between the main part of the abstract and its logical end.

At the same time, it is advisable to be careful with enumerations so that the total volume of the final part of the abstract does not exceed one page. Otherwise, the work will lose interest for experts, it will not be given a high rating.