Making a list of references according to the guest. Rules for the design of a list of references and bibliographic references Literature sources according to GOST online

registration of the list of references according to GOST 2015 - 2017 example The correct design of the list of references according to GOST is one of the most important tasks of writing a term paper and a thesis. The requirements for this section are clearly regulated in the relevant regulations.
The list of used sources and literature should be drawn up in accordance with the rules specified in: When drawing up a list of references for each publication, the surname and initials of the author (authors), the exact title, place of publication, name of the publisher, year of publication, number of pages are indicated. For a journal article, the surname and initials of the author, the title of the article, the name of the journal, the year of issue, the journal number, and the pages occupied by the article in the journal are indicated. The list of references should include only publications used in the work, i.e. those that have been cited, referred to, or served as the basis for formulating the student's point of view. All figures, quotes and drawings borrowed from literary sources should be provided with obligatory references to the source with full description publications in the list of references.
The list of used literature is compiled in a strictly priority order, starting with regulatory legal acts federal level, individual and collective monographs, scientific articles, etc.

Example bibliography source hierarchy:
1. Regulatory legal acts;
2. Practice materials;
3. Literature and periodicals;
4. Literature in foreign languages;
5. Internet sources.

If the work did not use any type of source, then it can be skipped. For example, if in control work there are no practice materials, then after the regulatory legal acts comes literature immediately.

Regulatory legal acts are placed in the list of references by legal force:

· international legislative acts - chronologically;
the Constitution of the Russian Federation;
Codes - in alphabetical order;
laws of the Russian Federation - chronologically;
Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation - in chronology;
Acts of the Government of the Russian Federation - in chronology;
· acts of ministries and departments in sequence - orders, resolutions, regulations, instructions of the ministry - in alphabetical order, acts - in chronology.
· Laws of subjects of the Russian Federation;
· Decisions of other state bodies and local self-government bodies.

Resolutions of the plenums Supreme Court Russian Federation and Higher arbitration court RF are included in the section of judicial practice.

At the same time, it should be taken into account that the international legal normative acts(conventions, treaties, etc.), in which the Russian Federation participates, are located at the beginning of the list of legal acts, BUT after the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Normative legal acts of foreign states (international conventions, treaties) in which the Russian Federation does not participate are located separately after the list of acts of the judiciary.
Regulatory legal acts that have lost their force are located at the end of the list of regulatory legal acts, also in order of importance. At the same time, it is necessary to indicate in brackets that the normative legal act has become invalid.
Documents with equal legal significance are grouped into chronological order according to the dates of their publication.

An example of registration of regulatory legal acts in accordance with GOST, 2015:

1. "The Constitution of the Russian Federation" (adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993) (subject to amendments introduced by the Laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2008 N 6-FKZ, of December 30, 2008 N 7-FKZ, of February 5, 2014 N 2-FKZ) // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 04/14/2014, N 15, art. 1691.
2. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted General Assembly UN 10.12.1948)//Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 10.12.1998.
3. "Civil Code of the Russian Federation" dated November 30, 1994 N 51-FZ (as amended on July 1, 2014) // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, January 13, 1997, No. 2, art. 198.
4. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia N 776, the Ministry of Defense of Russia N 703, the FSB of Russia N 509, the FSO of Russia N 507, the Federal Customs Service of Russia N 1820, the SVR of Russia N 42, the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia N 535, the FSKN of Russia N 398, the Investigative Committee of Russia N 68 dated 27.09. 2013 "On the approval of the Instructions on the procedure for presenting the results of operational-search activities to the body of inquiry, the investigator or the court" (Registered in the Ministry of Justice of Russia on 05.12.2013 N 30544) // "Rossiyskaya Gazeta", N 282, 13.12.2013

The list of legal acts in the list of references is followed by a list of special literature and periodicals.

The list of references is compiled directly from the data of the printed edition or is written out from catalogs and bibliographic indexes in full, without omissions of any elements, abbreviations of titles, etc.

Based guest list of references is formalized by indicating the mandatory elements of the description of the bibliographic source.
The main elements of the description of a literary source are:

Full name of the author (authors / editor);
Title of the work (title of the book);
Name of the publishing house;
The year of publishing;
The number of pages in the publication.

GOST also provides optional elements, which is not always required.

Optional elements of the description of a bibliographic source include, for example:

Parallel title
Information related to the title
Information about the function of the publisher, distributor, etc.
Dimensions
Other information about the physical characteristic
The general designation of the material.

Last item - General material designation- deserves special attention. Depending on its application, we can see quite visually different ways of designing a bibliography.
The fact is that this optional element is used in cases where the characteristics of the physical carrier of the document are not visible from the available elements of the bibliographic record (for example, a description of a database located on a local computer, etc.). The element is indicated in square brackets immediately after the title without any prescribed punctuation (for example: [Electronic resource], [Audio recording], etc.).
For ordinary books, a corresponding mark is provided: [Text].
If it is clear from the other elements of the bibliographic record which physical medium is being referred to, this element may be omitted.
In this manual, we will not use this element, but if you need it, then simply supplement the following rules for the design of the list of references for yourself with the obligatory inclusion of this element after the title of the book in square brackets.

Sometimes, as a mandatory element of the description of the source of literature, ISBN, which is mentioned in GOST.
But here you need to understand that the inclusion of certain elements of the description depends on the purpose of the list.
Where there is no need to identify a literary source in an international documentary flow, the ISBN is not required. This applies to lists for term papers and theses, dissertations, etc.
Thus, ISBN is not needed in the reference list of the term paper (similarly in the thesis).

The order of registration of the source of literature depends on the number of authors who took part in its writing. Separate rules are provided for books with 1, 2-3 and more authors.
Consider the order registration of the list of references according to the guest to include books with different numbers of authors.

Design of books with 1 author

For books written by one author, the surname and initials of the author are indicated at the beginning. In this case, a comma is placed after the surname and after it the initials separated by dots are indicated. This is followed by the full title of the book, followed by a slash (slash “ / “) and then the author’s full name is repeated, but first the initials are indicated, and then the surname. The surname is followed by a dot, followed by a dash. After the dash, indicate: city, colon, name of the publisher, comma, year of publication, dot. After the point, write a dash, followed by the number of pages in this book, the letter "c" and a period.

Schematic example:
Ivanov, I.I. Title of the book / I.I. Ivanov. - City: The name of the publisher. - 552 p.

Real example:
Zhabina S.G. Fundamentals of economics, management and marketing in catering/ S.G. Frog. - M.: Academy, 2016. - 336 p.

We will immediately explain how the cities are designated. In practice, abbreviations for large cities (usually capitals and regional centers) have developed.
Here are the decryptions:

City name	Designation in the list of references	Comment
Moscow	M.
St. Petersburg	SPb.
Rostov-on-Don	Rostov n/a.	Often there is RnD or R / nD - this is not true.
Nizhny Novgorod	N.Novgorod.
Leningrad	L.	For literature published in the USSR.

Similarly for foreign cities:
Paris - R., New York - N.Y., Berlin - V., London - L.

Please note that after the abbreviated name, a dot is immediately put. After her without spaces are written immediately colon and the name of the publisher.
M.: _______ St. Petersburg: _____, etc.

For other cities, the list of references indicates their full names, followed immediately by a colon (and not a dot, as in the case of abbreviated names).

Design of books with 2 and 3 authors

If the book is written by a group of authors of 2-3 people, then the surname and initials of one (first) author are indicated at the beginning of the bibliographic description. A full stop is placed after the last name. The full title of the book follows. Then a “slash” is put and the data of the authors are repeated, but first the initials are indicated, and then the surname. The last name is followed by a dot, followed by a dash. After the dash, indicate: city, colon, name of the publisher, comma, year of publication, dot. After the point, write a dash, followed by the number of pages in this book, the letter "c" and a period.

Example:
Volkov, M. AT. Modern economy/ M. AT. Volkov, A.V. Sidorov. - St. Petersburg.: Peter, 2016. - 155 With.

Decorated No books with 4 or more authors

For books with 4 or more authors, a special procedure applies. In general, it is similar to that used in books with 2 and 3 authors, with one exception:
When listing authors again, after the title of the book and the slash, not all authors are indicated, but again only the first one. At the same time, his full name is supplemented with a postscript enclosed in square brackets [etc.]

Example:
Korobkin, M.V. Modern economy / M.V. Korobkin [and others] - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2014.- 325 p.

Design of textbooks and teaching aids

If the list of references indicates teaching aids, textbooks, educational and methodological complexes and other types of specialized literature, it is necessary to supplement general rules design element designation of the type of publication. To do this, in the above rules for the design of books, immediately after the name of the publication, a colon is placed and the type of publication is written.

Example:
Volkov, M. AT. Modern economy: tutorial / M. AT. Volkov. - St. Petersburg.: Peter, 2014. - 225 With.

Or if a generic material designation is used

Volkov, M. AT. Modern Economics [Text]: textbook / M. AT. Volkov. - St. Petersburg.: Peter, 2014. - 225 With.

Registration of textbooks and teaching aids under the editorship

To design a textbook edited by one author, combining the works of several authors, you must first write the name of the publication, then a colon and the type of publication (textbook / textbook), then “slash” and the phrase “edited”. After that, the initials are indicated first, and then the surname of the editor. This is followed by the standard order of registration given above.

guest list literature

Example:
pharmaceutical chemistry: studies. allowanceforstud. universities/ undered. And. H. Sovenko. - M.: Rior, 2014. - 323 With.

Example:
pharmaceutical chemistry: studies. allowanceforstud. universities/ L. H. Protasova., M. And. Ivanov, A.A. Sidorov; undered. And. H. Sovenko.. - M.: Rior, 2014. -323 With.

For multivolume books you must specify the volume number that was used in the work. To do this, immediately after the name of the publication, the postscript "T.1." is made, where 1 is the volume number.

Example:
Bokov, BUTH. EconomyT.2. Microeconomics[ Text] / A.N. Bokov. - M.: Norm, 2015. - 532 With.

Registration in the list of references of articles from journals and periodicals

For the description of articles from periodicals, the following order of indicating the elements of the description of the bibliographic source applies: surname and initials of the author; article title; "slash" and again the author's full name, but first the initials, and then the last name; then two slashes; the name of the periodical or collection in which the article is placed (quotes are not used); dash, year of publication; followed by a dot, number (sometimes the month of publication may be indicated in brackets); dot, dash; then the numbers of the first and last pages articles.

Example:
Bokov, AT. To. Causes of the crisis economic model USA / AT. To. Bokov// RBC. -2014. - № 4 (11). - FROM. 32-36.

Registration of electronic sources

Krokhin, E. E. Restoration of architectural monuments[ Electronicresource], -http:// www. architechos. en/ restovrat. htm- article on the internet.

Equivalent sources are placed in list of references according to GOST in alphabetical order.
At the same time, publications in foreign languages are placed at the end of the list after Russian-language sources in the order of the Latin alphabet.

Lecture, abstract. GOST design of the list of references - concept and types. Classification, essence and features. 2018-2019.

GOST 7.1 2003 and GOST R 7.0.5-2008 - read / download

When making bibliography are used GOST 7.1 2003 " Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. General requirements and drafting rules" and GOST R 7.0.5-2008"Bibliographic reference. General requirements and rules for compilation".
Both GOST data can be read and download below.

GOST 7.1 2003 Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. open close

INTERSTATE STANDARD

GOST 7.1-2003

System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing

BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION

General requirements and drafting rules

ISS 01.140.20

Introduction date 2004-07-01

Foreword

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 "Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and GOST 1.2-97 "Interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. The procedure for developing, adopting, application, renewal and cancellation

Intelligence about the standard

1 DEVELOPED by the Russian Book Chamber of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Press, Broadcasting and Mass Communications, the Russian State Library and the Russian National Library of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, the Interstate Technical Committee for Standardization TK 191 "Scientific and technical information, library and publishing"

2 INTRODUCED by the State Standard of Russia

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (minutes N 12 dated July 2, 2003)

Short country name according to MK (ISO 3166) 004-97	Code of the country on MK (ISO 3166) 004-97	Abbreviated name of the national authority for standardization
Armenia	AM	Armstandard
Belarus		State Standard of the Republic of Belarus
Kazakhstan		State Standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan		Kyrgyzstandart
Moldova		Moldova-Standard
Russian Federation		Gosstandart of Russia
Tajikistan		Tajikstandart
Turkmenistan		Main State Service "Turkmenstandartlary"
Uzbekistan		Uzstandard
Ukraine		Gospotrebstandart of Ukraine

4 By the Decree of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization and Metrology dated November 25, 2003 N 332-st, the interstate standard GOST 7.1-2003 was put into effect directly as the national standard of the Russian Federation from July 1, 2004.

5 INSTEAD OF GOST 7.1-84, GOST 7.16-79, GOST 7.18-79, GOST 7.34-81, GOST 7.40-82

1 area of use

This standard establishes general requirements and rules for compiling a bibliographic description of a document, its part or group of documents: a set of areas and elements of a bibliographic description, the sequence of their arrangement, the content and method of presenting elements, the use of prescribed punctuation and abbreviations.

The standard applies to the description of documents, which is compiled by libraries, scientific and technical information bodies, state bibliography centers, publishers, and other bibliographic institutions.

The standard does not apply to bibliographic references.

This standard uses references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 7.0-99 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Information and library activities, bibliography. Terms and Definitions

GOST 7.4-95 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Editions. Imprint

G OST 7.5-98 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Magazines, collections, information publications. Publishing design of published materials

GOST 7.9-95 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Abstract and abstract. General requirements

GOST 7.11-78 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Abbreviation of words and phrases in foreign European languages in the bibliographic description

GOST 7.12-93 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Bibliographic record. Abbreviation of words in Russian. General requirements and rules

GOST 7.59-2003 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Document indexing. General requirements for systematization and subject matter

GOST 7.76-96 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Acquisition of the fund of documents. Bibliography. Cataloging. Terms and Definitions

GOST 7.80-2000 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Bibliographic record. Title. General requirements and drafting rules

GOST 7.82-2001 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description of electronic resources. General requirements and drafting rules

GOST 7.83-2001 System of standards for information, librarianship and publishing. Electronic publications. Main views and output information

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards in the territory of the state according to the corresponding index of standards compiled as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding information indexes published in current year. If the reference document is replaced (modified), then when using this standard, you should be guided by the replaced (modified) standard. If the referenced document is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the link to it is given applies to the extent that this link is not affected.

3 Terms and definitions

This standard uses the terms according to GOST 7.0, GOST 7.76, GOST 7.83.

4 General provisions

4.1 The bibliographic description contains bibliographic information about the document, given according to certain rules that establish the content and sequence of areas and elements, and are intended for identification and general characteristics of the document.

The bibliographic description is the main part of the bibliographic record. A bibliographic record may also include a title, indexing terms (classification indices and subject headings), annotation (abstract), document storage codes, references to additional bibliographic records, date of completion of document processing, information of an official nature.

The formation of the title of a bibliographic record is regulated by GOST 7.80. Formation of classification indices and subject headings - according to GOST 7.59. Annotation (abstract) - according to GOST 7.9.

4.2 The objects of compiling a bibliographic description are all types of published (including deposited) and unpublished documents on any media - books, serial and other continuing resources, musical, cartographic, audiovisual, pictorial, regulatory and technical documents, microforms, electronic resources, other three-dimensional artificial or natural objects; constituent parts of documents; groups of homogeneous and heterogeneous documents.

4.2.1 By the number of parts, objects of description are distinguished, consisting of one part (single-part objects), and objects of description, consisting of two or more parts (multi-part objects).

A single-part object is a one-time document or a separate physical unit of a multi-part document on one physical medium: a single-volume document or a separate volume (issue) of a multi-volume document, a separate component of a complete document, serial or other continuing resource.

A multi-part object is a document representing a collection of individual physical units on the same or different physical media, a multi-volume document, a complete document, a serial or other continuing resource.

4.2.2 An object may also be an integral part of a single-part document or a multi-part document unit.

4.3 Depending on the structure of the description, a single-level and multi-level bibliographic description is distinguished.

4.3.1 A single-level description contains one level. It is compiled for a single-part document, a completed multi-part document as a whole, a separate physical item, as well as a group of physical items of a multi-part document (see clause 5).

4.3.2 A multi-level description contains two or more levels. It is compiled for a multi-part document (multi-volume or complete document as a whole, serial or other continuing resource as a whole) or for a separate physical unit, as well as a group of physical units of a multi-part document - one or more volumes (issues, numbers, parts) of a multi-volume, complete document , serial or other continuing resource (see section 6).

4.4 The bibliographic description includes the following areas:

1 - title area and information about responsibility;

2 - publication area;

3 - area of specific information;

4 - output data area;

5 - area of physical characteristics;

6 - area of the series;

7 - note area;

8 - the area of the standard number (or its alternative) and availability conditions.

4.5 Description areas consist of elements that are divided into mandatory and optional. The description can contain only mandatory elements or mandatory and optional.

4.5.1 Mandatory elements contain bibliographic information that provides identification of the document. They are given in any description.

If a required element, common to the descriptions included in the bibliographic manual, is placed in the title of the bibliographic manual or its sections, then it, as a rule, is not repeated in each description (for example, the name of the author in the index of works of one author, the name of the publisher in the publishing catalog, the date of publication in chronological list of works, etc.).

4.5.2 Optional elements contain bibliographic information that provides additional information about the document. The set of optional elements defines the institution in which the description is written. It must be constant for a certain information array.

With the greatest completeness, optional elements are given in descriptions for state bibliographic indexes, library catalogs (in card and electronic form), databases of large universal scientific libraries and centers of state bibliography.

4.6 Areas and elements are given in the established sequence, which is presented in the list of section 5. Individual areas and elements may be repeated. Bibliographic information relating to different elements, but grammatically related in one sentence, is recorded in the preceding element.

GOST 7.0.5 2008 Bibliographic reference. General requirements and drafting rules open close

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing
Bibliographic link. General requirements and drafting rules

System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing.
bibliographic reference. General requirements and rules of making

OKS 01.140.30
Introduction date 2009-01-01

Foreword

The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation", and the rules for the application of national standards of the Russian Federation - GOST R 1.0-2004 "Standardization in the Russian Federation. Basic provisions"

Intelligence about the standard
1 DEVELOPED by the Federal State Institution "Russian Book Chamber" of the Federal Agency for Press and Mass Communications
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 191 "Scientific and technical information, librarianship and publishing"
3 This standard has been developed taking into account the main regulatory provisions international standard ISO 690:1987 "Information and documentation - Bibliographic references - Content, form and structure" and the international standard ISO 690-2:1997 "Information and documentation. Bibliographic references - Part 2: Electronic documents or parts thereof" (ISO 690-2:1997 "Information and documentation - Bibliographic references - Part 2: Electronic documents or parts thereof", NEQ)
4 APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated April 28, 2008 N 95-st
5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

1 area of use
This standard establishes general requirements and rules for compiling a bibliographic reference: main types, structure, composition, location in documents.
This standard applies to bibliographic references used in published and unpublished documents in any medium.
The standard is intended for authors, editors, publishers.

FULL VERSION IS POSSIBLE DOWNLOAD ON THE LINK BELOW.

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International program Eurograd. Issue. VII. The device of communal self-government in Germany. SPb., 1991. 52 p.

Mindell A. Leader as a master of martial arts: Vved. in the psychology of democracy. At 2 h. M., 1993. 72 p.

Muzdybaev K. Economic deprivation, the strategy of its overcoming and the search for social support. SPb., 1997. 42 p.

German-Russian financial and credit dictionary: Ok. 12000 terms. 3rd ed. M., 1994. 234 p.

Nemchinov V. M. Mixed economy: problems of development management. M., 1994. 230 p.

Nizhegorodtsev R. M. Economics of information production. Vladikavkaz, 1995. 207 p.

Ovchinnikov G. P. Microeconomics. SPb., 1992. 126 p.

Oikhman E.G., Popov E.V. Business reengineering. Reengineering of organizations and information technologies. M., 1997. 336 p.

Organization of the activities of capitalist firms: Jurid. forms, fin. reporting. M., 1990. 21 p.

Fundamentals of foreign economic knowledge: Dictionary-reference book / S.I. Dolgov et al. M., 1990. 432 p.

Fundamentals of controlling research: Proc. allowance. M., 1994. 26 p.

Fundamentals of systems engineering: Proc. allowance for universities. Tomsk., 1992. 312 p.

Ostrenkov LG All about privatization. Owner change. Tver, 1992. 98 p.

Pankrukhin A.P. Theory and practice of marketing. M., 1993. 157 p.

Pakhomov V.N., Golova I.M., Maslyankin V.A. Methodological bases of sanitation of depressive territories. Ekaterinburg., 1998. 40 p.

Pashkus Yu. V., Misko O. N. Introduction to business. L., 1991. 299 p.

Political science in logical schemes and tables. / V. Varyvin. M., 1995. 159 p.

Political science in terms and concepts. Stavropol., 1994. 44 p.

Political science in terms and concepts: Dictionary-reference book / Comp. A. P. Andreev et al. Krasnodar, 1993. 96 p.

Political Science: Encyclopedia. dictionary. / Yu. I. Averyanov et al. M., 1993. 43 p.

Ponomarev V.T. Business slang for "new Russians". Donetsk, 1996. 365 p.

Popova IP Marginality and features of its manifestation in modern Russian society. M., 1994. 24 p.

Manual for the International Entrepreneur / Prepar. O. S. Bogdanov, Yu. M. Zhuravlev et al. Krasnodar, 1990. 155 p.

Legal Dictionary of the Entrepreneur. M., 1993. 206 p.

Applied Economics: Textbook for students Art. classes. / Under the editorship of D. Yu. Tushnov M., 1993. 224 p.

Prykin B.V. The latest theoretical economics. Hypereconomics (concepts of philosophy and natural science in economics): Textbook. M., 1998. 445 p.

Royzenberg B. A. Fundamentals of housekeepers and entrepreneurship: Proc. allowance. In 2 books. M., 1993. 183 p.

Russian-English-German dictionary on business / Comp. N. I. Kuznetsova et al. M., 1992. 96 p.

Ryzhkov N. I. Brief Dictionary of the Market Economy. Perm, 1991.46 p.

Market. Entrepreneurship. Commerce: Explanatory dictionary-reference book: 600 concepts and terms in Russian. and English. Yaz. M., 1992. 190s.

Sahakyan, SV Ethnic mythological consciousness as a phenomenon of culture. M., 1995. 18 p.

Saaty T. L., Kearns K. Analytical planning: Org. systems: Per from English. / Edited by I. A. Ushakov. M., 1991. 223 p.

Sannikov A.G. Valuation of brands and trademarks: from theory to practice (Method. and practical recommendations for estimating the value of trademarks). M., 2997. 127 p.

Serebryannikov V., Khlopiev A. Social security of Russia. M., 1996. 352 p.

Network Marketing in Questions and Answers / Ed. Maslovsky E.Yu. 1996. 64 p.

The system of knowledge about the population / Edited by D. I. Valentey. M., 1991. 255 p.

The Librarian's Dictionary of Management and Marketing. M., 1995. 77 p.

Dictionary of a businessman: All about the market economy. Alma-Ata, 1991. 83 p.

Land Management and Marketing Dictionary / Comp.: V.A.Sindeev. M., 1994. 110 p.

Dictionary of Sociology / Comp.: E. B. Melnikova, M. McBride et al. Nizhny Novgorod, 1995. 168 p.

Dictionary of market economy terms. M., 1994. 335 p.

Dictionary-reference book for lawyers. Economists, sociologists, merchants, trade workers and everyone who wants to study the law of Russia: Textbook / Ed. L.K. Ermolaeva et al. Ivanovo-Talka, 1996. 112 p.

Slyakhdinov, G. Business Actors. M., 1996. 112 p.

Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. Ed. 4th. M., 1989. 1632 p.

Joint ventures of the USSR: a Handbook. M., 1990. 302 p.

Sokolov D.V., Zakharchenko N.N. System analysis of economic situations: Proc. allowance. L., 1987. 80 p.

Socialist property of the form of implementation / A. D. Smirnov, A. M. Kogan et al. M., 1989. 267 p.

social stratification. M., 1992. 199 p.

Businessman's Handbook: Krat. economy dictionary. Syktyvkar, 1994. 86 p.

Directory of the most important economic terms used in the market system / Prepared. G. N. Egorova et al. M., 1990. 35 p.

Businessman's companion: Krat. economy dictionary. Syktyvkar, 1994. 67 p.

Countries of the World: Directory / Under the general. ed. I.S. Ivanova. M., 1999. 512 p.

Strategic planning at the enterprise: Proc. allowance. M., 1993. 74 p.

Tambovtsev VL The fifth market: economic problems of information production. M., 1993. 127 p.

Theoretical economics (political economy): Proc. allowance / Edited by Euravleva G.P. and Milchakova N.N. M., 486 p.

Tikhomirov M. Yu. Legal Encyclopedia. Ed. 3rd add. and reworked. M., 1995. 365 p.

Todaro Michael P. Economic development. M., 1997. 668 p.

Explanatory dictionary of business and marketing. M., 1992. 63 p.

Explanatory dictionary of market economy. Ed. 2nd. M., 1993. 301 p.

Explanatory dictionary of financial and banking terms. SPb., 1995. 160 p.

Explanatory Dictionary of Management / Comp. S. N. Petrova et al. M., 1994. 252 p.

Explanatory legal dictionary of a businessman. M., 1994. 560 p.

Usoskin V. M. Bank plastic cards. M., 1995. 144 p.

Financial and credit dictionary.: In 3 volumes. Ed. 2nd stereotype. / Ch. ed. V. F. Garbuzov. M., 1994. 512 p.

Financial and Economic Dictionary / Edited by M. G. Nazarov. M., 1995. 221 p.

Tsarev O. P. Entropy. Technology. Economy. SPb., 1993. 28 p.

Tsetsarkina S.I. The theory of risk and methods of its assessment: Proc. allowance. Krasnoyarsk, 1997. 112 p.

Chirkin VE Elements of Comparative State Studies. M., 1994. 151 p.

"What is what in world politics". Dictionary reference. M., 1987. 480 p.

Sharykina A. L. System of controlling in the management of the enterprise. Voronezh, 1994. 17 p.

Shastitko A.E. Externalities and transaction costs. M., 1997. 47 p.

The Swedish model of reformist socialism: Ref. collection. / Rev. ed. Yu. A. Borko. M., 1976. 228 p.

Shepel V. M. Handbook of a businessman and management: Managed. humanities. M., 1992. 237 p.

Shitov VN Consulting engineering. M., 1992. 28 p.

Schrider Heiko. Economic anthropology. SPb., 1999. 192 p.

Shumov Yu A., Kedrovskaya L. G. Business plan: Proc. allowance. M., 1993. 56 p.

Economics and Business: Theory and Practice of Entrepreneurship. M., 1993. 464 p.

Economic Synergetics and the Innovation Process: Abstracts of the Interuniversity National-Practical. conf. Naberezhnye Chelny, 1998. 106 p.

Economic Encyclopedia / Ch. ed. L.I. Abalkin. M., 1999. 1055 p.

Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Entrepreneur. SPb., 1992. 382 p.

Encyclopedic Dictionary of a Personnel Service Worker / Ed. ed. V.M. Anisimova. M., 1999. 328 p.

Market Encyclopedia: Multivolume. five languages. reference dictionary. Terms, equivalents, definitions: 2330 terms in Russian. lang. and 10,000 equivalents in 4 languages: English, Italian, German, French. M., 1994. 650 p.

Entrepreneur should know this: Dictionary-reference book. Saratov, 1992. 238 p.

Legal Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. ed. A. Ya. Sukharev. M., 1984. 415 p.

Terminological dictionary of a librarian on socio-economic topics. - St. Petersburg: Russian National Library. 2011 .

Synonyms:

See what "List of References" is in other dictionaries:

bibliography- bibliography, sources, list of sources, literature Dictionary of Russian synonyms. reference list n., number of synonyms: 4 bibliography (10) ... Synonym dictionary

Bibliography- 1. Avilova N.S. Words of international origin in Russian literary language new tense (verbs with a borrowed stem). M.: Nauka, 1967. 2. Alekseev M.P. Dictionaries of foreign languages in the Russian alphabet of the 17th century. - L .: Science ... Historical and etymological dictionary of Latin borrowings

Bibliography- ◘ Atayeva E.A. linguistic nature and stylistic functions oxymoron: abstract. dis. ... cand. philol. Sciences. M., 1975. ◘ Akhmanova O.S. Dictionary of linguistic terms. M., 1969. ◘ Vvedenskaya L.A. Stylistic figures based on ... ... Dictionary of oxymorons of the Russian language

References for the course "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture"- The official textbook for the course Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture (OPC) is a textbook prepared by Protodeacon Andrey Kuraev. Orthodox St. Tikhonovsky humanitarian university prepared Toolkit for teachers. Kuraev A ... Wikipedia

Bibliography on systems theory- List of significant books and articles on general theory systems. Contents 1 In Russian 1.1 Books 1.2 Articles ... Wikipedia

References on Neuro Linguistic Programming- This article is proposed for deletion. An explanation of the reasons and the corresponding discussion can be found on the Wikipedia page: To be deleted / October 2, 2012. Until the discussion process is completed, the article can be ... Wikipedia

Despite the fact that the list of used literature is the final part of the course work, all teachers pay attention to the importance of its proper design. Whether there is even the slightest mistake or inaccuracy, it is unlikely that it will be possible to protect the work without problems the first time.

To avoid collisions with the supervisor, it is better to do everything right from the very beginning. We will talk about how to write a list of references in the term paper, pass the paper on the first try and not get blacklisted by teachers.

Making a list of references in the course work

A bibliography is always difficult. Well, who would think that it is necessary to mention the city of publication of the source, and after mentioning the city, you also need to put a dot, even if the text continues further? Nobody. Or one more thing: have you thought about how to indicate GOST in the list of references? Hardly.

And now look at an example of coursework in accordance with GOST 2019:

Please note: all sources used are in alphabetical order by author's last name. However, there is another approach: sources are cited as they are mentioned in the text. But last way more often used to design works of a small format: abstract, control, and so on.

Features of the design of the list of references

There is one more pattern that you need to know before compiling a list of references for a term paper. Sources should be used in alphabetical order, but in the following order:

legislative acts;
Russian-language sources;
sources of foreign origin;
electronic resources (Internet sources).

In the picture above you can see good example how to indicate a site or an electronic journal in the list of used literature.

Before writing a list of references in a term paper, we also pay attention to the numbering. For these purposes, choose Arabic numerals Ascending.

By the way! For our readers there is now a 10% discount on

Punctuation in the list of references of the term paper

What causes such enormous difficulties for students in such a seemingly simple job as the design of a list of references in a term paper? Hell of a punctuation!

It probably doesn't happen anywhere else. great amount dots, colons, commas, brackets and quotation marks, as in this section of the work.

Remember, dear students, important rules bibliographic listing:

A comma is placed after the last name and before the initials. There is no logic here - just take it for granted.
Next comes the name of the source (books, scientific articles, publications) without quotes!
Then comes a slash and information about authorship (surname and initials indicated at the beginning).
If the source is written not by one author, but by a whole group of authors, then the first author is mentioned at the beginning of the line, and after the oblique line following the name of the source, we also list 3 more authors who are co-authors (in alphabetical order).
This is followed by a double oblique line and must indicate the name of the publisher, as well as the place of the publisher and the year of issue of the publication. For example, Moscow, "Nauka", 1977. Please note: the abbreviation of the city of St. Petersburg in the list of references may look like St. Petersburg. If there are problems with the reduction of Rostov-on-Don, it is given in the list of references as Rostov n/a.
It is also recommended to indicate the pages of the publication from which the information was given in the course paper (pp. 188-196).

Separately, it is worth mentioning such a component as date of reference in the bibliography . It is written with a link to an Internet resource. The date is important as online sources are not always available. And the date of the last access shows that in specified number electronic resource worked.

Now it is clear that it is difficult to draw up a list of references (sources) in a term paper according to GOST 2019, but it is possible. In principle, there is no need to suffer alone - you can seek help and advice from

Writing any scientific paper, whether it is a term paper, an essay or a diploma, involves the collection of information from a variety of sources. At the final stage of writing the work, along with list of references from which information was collected during the study. This process cannot be operational a priori, because it is necessary to observe a number of nuances and mandatory conditions.

Bibliography- eloquent evidence of the author's savvy in the topic of scientific work and the truth of his research. A qualified specialist can easily determine how new and relevant the work is, as well as find out the essence of the development, and analyze it. Let's consider the design parameters in more detail, giving examples of descriptions for the main types of sources.

An example of registration of regulatory (legislative) acts in the list of references

Proper design and filling of the list of references in the abstract, term paper, thesis

In Russia, the nuances of the design of scientific work are spelled out in a single Interstate standard - GOST 7.1-2003. Based on this normative document, each list of references should be drawn up. Many educational institutions or individual teachers are guided by their own manuals, offering them to students as instructions for or writing a scientific paper. Below, a basic scheme for generating a list of references will be proposed, but if there are recommendations from the university or the curator of your work, we strongly recommend that you use them exclusively.

References or bibliography?

It turns out that it is also not easy to name the listing of literary sources. Many universities put forward their own requirements even for the phrase in the title. There are the following variants of the name:

The phrase "list of references" is allowed with the optional addition of the words "used", "used".
There is a phrase "bibliographic list", which is a synonym for the above.

These variants are derived from the simple "literature" and "bibliography". They can also act as a title for the bibliography being compiled. In the absence of specific guidance on this issue It would be wiser to use any of the proposed options.

An example of the design of books in the bibliographic list

Filling in the list of references with sources

Or a term paper, heading the bibliography is a primary task, comparable to creating a blank text document. All processed information sources must be brought together in a single list, but first it is worth understanding what literature should go there. Considering the bibliography from the position of a member of the commission that checks the scientific work, you should pay attention to the following sources:

The most modern (not older than 3-4 years from the date of the study).
Sources of the last 10-20 years of publication - no more than 30% of total number in the bibliography. If a particular study has a modern history, then it is unwise to use older information.

There are a few things to keep in mind when adding them to the bibliography:

Sources of considerable antiquity are used on a par with modern ones, provided that their content is fully consistent with the research topic.
Each source is necessarily mentioned in the work with the help of (bibliographic reference). Detailed information can be found in the article.
The maximum scientific value for the study is: journal articles, monographs, selections from statistics and other specialized materials on the topic of the work. Textbooks and manuals are less valuable in this regard.
Any laws and acts must be submitted in their latest version, indicating the date and source of their first publication.

The quantitative requirement for the design of the list of references implies the presence of:

10 or more sources at ,
20 or more sources at ,
40 or more sources at .

Sources are listed alphabetically.

Additional placement conditions are presented in GOST 7.1-2003.

Apart from alphabetical order placement of sources, it is worth considering the nuances of the distribution of literature in the list by type.

The first are the legal acts. Then scientific sources, tutorials and links to Internet resources are added.

Correct design of the list of references in accordance with GOST-2018, 2019

Next, the main types of literary sources will be presented, citing general form, according to which a bibliographic description can be compiled for each of them. For ease of study, everything will be presented in the form pivot table. Each type corresponds to a specific scheme for adding source details to the description.

Source type	Description Form
Journal articles	If more than 4 people worked on the article, then one of them is not mentioned in the title.
Monographs	It is allowed not to use dashes in the design of this description, but to manage only with dots to separate individual parts. If the works of other authors were used when writing, then they can be mentioned in the general listing, or added in square brackets as a separate part.
Abstracts
Dissertations
Reviews (analytics)
Patents	Patent RF Number, date of issue
Patents
Conference materials	Name. Conference theme, City, year of issue. Number of pages.
Conference materials
Internet Documents	URL, date the resource was accessed.
Internet Documents
textbooks
Tutorials
Dictionaries

Other nuances of the design of the bibliographic list

Also, with or a diploma, you should pay attention to the following nuances:

When mentioning publications in several volumes, it is necessary to insert in the description an insert with the number of the book from which the information for the study was taken.
Electronic sources are in demand, but should not fill the entire volume of the list of references. Many universities require that the content of the URL in the bibliography does not exceed 1/3 (2/3) of the number of sources presented. In the absence of recommendations, you should rely on the same value.

The generally accepted opinion is that the material in the article, to which the bibliographic reference is made, is not considered plagiarism. Mindlessly copying and pasting materials is not worth it. Without fail, rewrite the material in your own style while maintaining the subject matter.

With the correct design of the bibliographic list in your scientific work, you can achieve a positive opinion about it as a whole. To evaluate the work, it is enough for the teacher to see the items "Introduction", "Conclusion" and "Bibliography". In this regard, do term papers and theses with high quality, paying utmost attention not only to their text, but also to the design of the list of references. Guided exclusively guidelines or paragraphs of GOST 7.1-2003 and your scientific work will be awarded the highest rating. As for the subsequent one, information about the criteria should be provided by the university, or the persons evaluating the work. Typically, this level can reach 40% of borrowed materials. (We wrote about that earlier). Accordingly, it is necessary to use the literature and include it in the bibliography, but do not forget about your own thoughts, which should prevail in scientific work.

An example of the design of sources in the list of references

GOST design of the list of references, literature according to GOST, used literature
Examples of designing a list of references according to GOST, designing a list of references according to GOST
SAMPLE FORMATTING THE LIST OF REFERENCES according to GOST
list of references according to the guest

Sample list of references
(list of references is required; implementation in accordance with GOST):
List of references according to GOST, design:

Abolmasov, N.N. Strategy and tactics for the prevention of periodontal diseases / N.N. Abolmasov // Dentistry. - 2003. - No. 4. - P.34-39.

Bezrukova, I.V. Classification of aggressive forms of inflammatory periodontal diseases / I.V. Bezrukov, A.I. Grudyanov // Dentistry. - 2002. - No. 5. - P.45 -47.

The importance of microcirculation control in millimeter wave therapy of acute destructive pancreatitis / B.S. Briskin, O.E. Efanov, V.N. Bukatko, A.N. Nikitin // Vopr. balneology physiotherapy and treatment. physical culture. - 2002. - No. 5. - P.13-16.

Immunological disorders in the pathogenesis of chronic generalized periodontitis / A.I. Volozhin, G.V. Poryadin, A.N. Kazimirsky and others // Stomatology. - 2005. - No. 3. - P.4 -7.

Kashchenko, P.V. Application of laser Doppler flowmetry in implantology / P.V. Kashchenko // Application of laser Doppler flowmetry in medical practice: mater. third all-Russian symp. - M., 2000. - S.131-133.

Kozlov, V.I. Laser blood flow analyzer LAKK-01 / V.I. Kozlov, V.V. Sidorov // Application of laser Doppler flowmetry in medical practice: mater. second all-Russian symp. - M., 1998. - P.5 - 8.

Analysis of dental morbidity in adolescents under 18 years old / A.M. Khamadeeva, G.K. Burda, I.E. Gerasimova, S.S. Stepanova // VIII international Conference maxillofacial surgeons and dentists: mater. conf. - SPb., 2003. - P.170.

Influence of heparins on indicators of microcirculation and blood rheology in patients with acute coronary syndrome / V.S. Zadionchenko, E.V. Gorbacheva, N.V. Danilova et al. // Application of laser Doppler flowmetry in medical practice: mater. IV All-Russian symp. - Pushchino, 2002. - S.69 - 71.

Admakin, V.V. Conditions for the use of composites / V.V. Admakin. - Krasnoyarsk: Publishing House of MGPU, 2003. - 128 p.

Loginova, N.K. Pathophysiology of the periodontium / N.K. Loginova, A.I. Volozhin. - M., 1995. - 108 p.

Laser Doppler flowmetry in dentistry: Method. recommendations / E.K. Krechina, V.I. Kozlov, O.A. Terman, V.V. Sidorov. - M., 1997. - 12 p.

The method of laser Doppler flowmetry in cardiology: A guide for doctors / V.I. Makolkin, V.V. Branko, E.A. Bogdanova et al. - M., 1999. - 48 p.

Armitage, G.C. Development of classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions / G.C. Armitage // Ann. periodontal. - 1999. - No. 1. - P. 1-6.

Up to 4 authors
Eggert, F.M. Performance of a commercial immunoassay for detection and differentiation of periodontal marker bacteria: analysis of immunochemical performance with clinical samples / F.M. Eggert, M.H. McLeod, G. Flowerdew // J. Periodontol. - 2001. - Vol. 72, no. 9. - P. 1201 - 1209.

4 authors
Erste Beweise einer intressanten Beziehung. Parodontitus und Gafässerkrankungen / N.Mastragelopulos, V.I.Haraszthy, J.J.Zambon, G.G.Zafiropoulos // New in dentistry. - 2002. - No. 8 (108) (special issue). - P.4-5.

More than 4 authors
The effect of short-term tooth intrusion on human pulpal blood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmetry / M.Ikawa, M.Fujiwara, H. Horiuchi et al. // Arch. Oral Biol. - 2001. - Vol.46, No. 9. - P.781-788

Making a list of references according to the guest

From January 1, 2009, a new GOST R 7.0.5 - 2008 "Bibliographic Reference" is put into effect, developed by the Federal State Institution "Russian Book Chamber" of the Federal Agency for Press and Mass Communications. This standard “establishes general requirements and rules for compiling a bibliographic reference: main types, structure, composition, arrangement of documents. This standard applies to bibliographic references used in published and unpublished documents in any medium. The standard is intended for authors, editors, publishers" *1 .

According to " General Provisions» «Bibliographic references» (clause 4.6.), «Bibliographic references are distinguished according to the location in the document: intra-text, placed in the text of the document; interlinear, taken out of the text down the page of the document (in a footnote); beyond the text, taken out of the text of the document or part of it (in the callout) " *2 .

Off-text links are placed after the main text, and when numbering off-text bibliographic references continuous numbering is used for the entire text of the document *3 . The text refers to an off-text link.

Reference to an off-text link is enclosed in square brackets *4 . The reference may contain the ordinal number of the off-text reference in the list of off-text references, the name of the author (authors), the title of the document, the year of publication, the designation and number of the volume, and the indication of pages. The information in the referral is separated by a comma.

References are made uniformly throughout the document: either by indicating the ordinal number of the off-text reference, or by indicating the surname of the author (authors) or the title of the work. The reference is made as follows: or [Karasik, 2002, p. 231], in the presence of several authors - [Karasik, Dmitrieva, 2005, p. 6-8].

If the author of the book is not specified (for example, the book is written by a team of authors, and only the editor is specified), then the title of the book is indicated in the reference. If the name is too long, then it can be shortened to the first two words, for example, [Interpretation characteristics ..., 1999, p. 56] *5 .

If the link contains information about several links beyond the text, then the groups of information are separated by a semicolon: , or [Shakhovsky, 2008; Sheigal, 2007], [Leotovich, 2007, p. 37; Slyshkin, 2004, p. 35-38].

With a sequential arrangement of references to the same out-of-text reference, the second reference is replaced by the words "Ibid" or "Ibid." (from "Ibidem") (for sources in languages with Latin script). If the source is preserved, but the page changes, then the page number is added to the word "Ibid": [Ibid. S. 24], *6 .

If the text is cited not from the original source, but from another document, then the words “Cit. by:", for example, [Cit. according to: 132, p. 14] or [Cit. Quoted from: Olyanich, 2004, p. 39-40]. If not a quote is given, but a mention of someone's views, thoughts, ideas, but still not relying on the source, then the words "Provided by:", for example, [Provided by: 108] or [Provided by : Krasavsky, 2001]. If pages are needed, they can also be specified: [Reproduced from: 108, p. 27] or [Quoted from: Krasavsky, 2001, p. 111].

Formatting text links
(examples and explanations)

1. Abeleva I.Yu. It's about speech. Human communication system. — M.: Logos, 2004. — 304 p. *8

2. Alefirenko N.F. Controversial problems of semantics: monograph. - Volgograd: Change, 1999. - 274 p. *9

3. Bell R.T. Sociolinguistics. Goals, methods, problems / per. from English. - M .: International relations, 1980. - 318 p. *10

4. Azhezh K. The speaking man: the contribution of linguistics to humanitarian sciences/ per. from fr. - ed. 2nd, stereotypical. — M.: Editorial URSS, 2006. — 304 p. *11

5. Andreeva G.M. Social Psychology: a textbook for higher educational institutions. - 5th ed., Rev. and additional — M.: Aspect Press, 2006. — 363 p.

6. Borbotko V.G. Principles of discourse formation: From psycholinguistics to linguosynergetics. - ed. 2nd, stereotypical. - M .: KomKniga, 2007. - 288 p.

7. Belyanin V.P. Psycholinguistics: textbook. - 3rd ed., Rev. - M .: Flint: Moscow Psychological and Social Institute, 2005. - 232 p. *12

8. Myers D.J. Social psychology: intensive. well. — 3rd international ed. - St. Petersburg: Prime-Eurosign: Neva; M.: OLMa-Press, 2000. - 510 p. *13

9. Berger P., Lukman T. Social construction of reality: a treatise on the sociology of knowledge. — M.: Mosk. philosophy Fund, 1995. - 322 p.

10. Fundamentals of communication theory: textbook / M.A. Vasilik, M.S. Vershinin, V.A. Pavlov [and others] / ed. prof. M.A. Vasilika. — M.: Gardariki, 2006. — 615 p. *14

11. Antonova N.A. Strategies and tactics of pedagogical discourse // Problems of speech communication: interuniversity. Sat. scientific tr. / ed. M.A. Kormilitsyna, O.B. Sirotinina. - Saratov: Sarat Publishing House. un-ta, 2007. - Issue. 7. - S. 230-236. *15

12. Bart R. Text linguistics // New in foreign linguistics. - M .: Progress, 1978. - Issue. VIII: Linguistics of the text. - S. 442-449.

13. Sirotinina O.B. Structural and functional changes in the modern Russian literary language: the problem of the relationship between the language and its real functioning // Russian literature in the context of modern integration processes: materials of the international. scientific conf. - Volgograd: VolGU Publishing House, 2007. - T. 1. - S. 14-19. *16

14. Braslavsky P.I., Danilov S.Yu. Internet as a means of inculturation and acculturation // Mutual understanding in the dialogue of cultures: conditions for success: monograph: in 2 hours / ed. ed. L.I. Grishaeva, M.K. Popova. - Voronezh: Voronezh State. un-t, 2004. - Part 1. - S. 215-228.

15. Voiskunsky A.E. Metaphors of the Internet // Questions of Philosophy. - 2001. - No. 11. - S. 64-79. *17

16. Asmus N.G. Linguistic features of the virtual communicative space: Ph.D. dis. … cand. philol. Sciences. - Chelyabinsk: Chelyabinsk state. un-t, 2005. - 23 p. *18

17. Shkolovaya M.S. Linguistic and semiotic aspects of identity construction in electronic communication: dis. … cand. philol. Sciences. - Tver, 2005. - 174 p. *19

The sign prescribed for separating the areas of the bibliographic description, dot and dash, can be replaced by a dot. In this case, the text links look like this *20 :

1. McLuhan M. The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Formation of a Printer / Per. AND ABOUT. Tyurina. M.: Academic Project: Mir Fund, 2005. 496 p.

2. Makarov M.L. Genres in electronic communication: quo vadis? // Genres of speech: Sat. scientific articles. Saratov: Publishing House of the State University Center "College", 2005. Issue. 4: Genre and concept. pp. 336-351.

3. Markelova T.V. Semantics and pragmatics of means of expressing evaluation in Russian // Philological Sciences. 1995. No. 3. S. 67-79.

When compiling links to electronic resources, some features should be taken into account.

“The notes provide the information necessary to search for and characterize the technical specifications of the electronic resource. Information is given in the following sequence: system requirements, information about the restriction of availability, the date the document or part of it was updated, the email address, the date the document was accessed" *21 .

The email address and date of reference to the document are always given. The date of access to the document is the date when the person making the link opened this document and this document was available.

System requirements are given when access to a document requires a special software, such as Adobe Acrobat Reader, Power Point, etc. *22

Access restriction information is given if access to the document is possible, for example, from some specific place (local network, the organization whose network access is open), only for registered users, etc. In this case, the description indicates: “Access from ...”, “Access for registered users”, etc. If access is free, then nothing is indicated in the information.

The date of updating the document or part of it is indicated if it is fixed on the site (see paragraph 8). If the update date cannot be set, then nothing is indicated.

1. Bakhtin M.M. Creativity of Francois Rabelais and folk culture of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. - 2nd ed. - M .: Artist. lit., 1990. - 543 p. [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.philosophy.ru/library/bahtin/rable.html#_ftn1 (accessed 05.10.2008).

2. Borges H.L. Terrible dream // Letters of God: a collection. — M.: Respublika, 1992. — 510 p. [Electronic resource]. URL: http://literature.gothic.ru/articles/nightmare.htm (date of access: 20.05.2008).

3. Belous N.A. Pragmatic Implementation of Communication Strategies in Conflict Discourse // World of Linguistics and Communication: Electronic Science Magazine. - 2006. - No. 4 [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.tverlingua.by.ru/archive/005/5_3_1.htm (date of access: 12/15/2007).

4. Orekhov S.I. Hypertext way of organizing virtual reality // Bulletin of the Omsk State Pedagogical University: electronic scientific journal. — 2006 [Electronic resource]. System. Requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. — URL: http://www.omsk.edu/article/vestnik-omgpu-21.pdf (date of access: 01/10/2007).

5. Novikova S.S. Sociology: history, fundamentals, institutionalization in Russia. - M .: Moscow Psychological and Social Institute; Voronezh: Publishing House of NPO "MODEK", 2000. - 464 p. [Electronic resource]. System. requirements: RAR archiver. — URL: http://ihtik.lib.ru/edu_21sept2007/edu_21sept2007_685.rar (date of access: 05/17/2007).

6. Panasyuk A.Yu. Image: definition of the central concept in imageology // Academy of Imageology. - 2004. - March 26 [Electronic resource]. URL: http://academim.org/art/pan1_2.html (date of access: 04/17/2008). *23

7. Parpalk R. Communication on the Internet // Personal site of Roman Parpalak. - 2006. - December 10 [Electronic resource]. URL: http://written.ru (date of access: 26.07.2006).

8. Shared Resources in linguistics and philology: site of Igor Garshin. — 2002 [Electronic resource]. Date of update: 05.10.2008. — URL: http://katori.pochta.ru/linguistics/portals.html (date of access: 05.10.2008).

*1 . Bibliographic link. General requirements and rules for compilation: official publication. Moscow: Standartinform, 2008. URL: http://protect.gost.ru/document.aspx?control=7&id=173511 (accessed 05.10.2008). C. 4.
*2 . There. S. 5.
*3 . It is also possible to have continuous numbering of extra-text references for individual chapters, sections, etc.
*4 . Parentheses enclose only in-text links; for references to out-of-text links, according to GOST R 7.0.5 - 2008, they are not used.
*5 . The ellipsis that replaces part of the name in the reference is in this case a prescribed character, not a punctuation mark, so a space is placed before and after it.
*6 . After "Ibid" a period is put, the page is indicated by a capital "S.", and not lowercase, as in the main reference.
*7 . Bibliographic link. General requirements and rules for compilation: official publication. Moscow: Standartinform, 2008. URL: http://protect.gost.ru/document.aspx?control=7&id=173511 (accessed 05.10.2008). S. 6.
*8 . Unlike GOST R 7.1-2003, there is no space between the author's initials, just as there is no comma after the author's surname before the initials. Not separated by a space and a colon after the place of publication.
*9 . The type of document (textbook, study guide, atlas, monograph, collection of works, etc.) is placed after the title, separated by a colon. There is no space before the colon.
*10 . If the document is a translation, then this is indicated after the type of document (or directly after the title, if the type is not reflected), separated by a slash. Before the slash and after (no matter where in the description it stands, no matter what it separates) - spaces.
*11 . Information about the edition (what kind of account it is, stereotypical, corrected, supplemented, etc.), if any, is given after the information about the translation, separated from them by a dot and a dash. If the publication is not translated, then information about the edition goes immediately after the type of document (as in paragraph 5) or the title, if the type is not registered (as in paragraph 6).
*12 . After the place of publication (the city where the document was published), the publisher follows, separated from the place of publication by a colon. If there are two publishers, then a colon is placed first after the place of publication, and then after the first publisher.
*13 . If there are two or more places of publication, then after listing the publishers of the first place of publication, a semicolon is put, and then follows the second place of publication with the publisher, etc.
*14 . If there are two or three authors, then all of them are indicated at the beginning of the description (as in paragraph 9), if there are more than three authors, then the description begins with the title, and the first three authors are listed after the slash. If it is indicated under whose editorship the document is also reflected after another slash.
*15 . If there is an indication of an issue, volume, part, etc., then they follow the year of publication. See also paragraphs 12, 13 and 14.
*16 . If the reference does not indicate total pages of the document, but only those on which it is located in a larger document, then a dash (not a hyphen) is placed between the pages, and there are no spaces.
*17 . When describing an article from a journal, the year is first indicated, and then the journal number.
*18 . The description of the dissertation abstract is no different from the description of other sources, as it was according to GOST R 7.1-2003. There is a space before and after the ellipsis.
*19 . There is no publisher in the description of the dissertation, since it is a manuscript. It can also be omitted when describing abstracts.
*20 . It should be noted that all links must be formatted in the same way: either with a dash and a dot, or only with a dot.
*21 . Bibliographic link. General requirements and rules for compilation: official publication. Moscow: Standartinform, 2008. URL: http://protect.gost.ru/document.aspx?control=7&id=173511 (accessed 05.10.2008). S. 15.
*22 . See examples 4 and 5.
*23 . Electronic publications often have a date included in the description. First comes the year, then the day and then the month.