Ready-made research work of senior students with a presentation. 100 most interesting topics for school projects

Project activity- a trend in school life is relatively new. Parents, and sometimes teachers, squint at the mere mention. Is the beast so scary? Whom does he serve? And how to direct it for the benefit of your child?

Modern realities dictate their own rules: the successful live well. A successful person is one who can set goals, mobilize resources, achieve goals, manage a team, and the list goes on. Yes, now not every adult will cope with all this list, but our children will be better than us. And the Ministry of Education is confident that the quality successful person you need to start forming right in the first class.

What is it in general, project activity? Many people think that a project is a report. Or an abstract. Or, seriously, a whole study. The project activity contains elements of the preparation of a report, an abstract and may include a study.

The project activity of students is educational, cognitive, creative or play activity, the result of which is the solution of a problem, presented in the form of its detailed description(project).

Project methods:

1. Study of literature and other sources of information on the topic

Do not forget that the information may have a different degree of reliability, make links to sources of information.

2. Surveillance

Make an observation plan (when, where, how long and what to observe). Write down the results of your observations.

There are 3 types of survey: conversation, interview, questionnaire. Survey results can be presented in text or in the form of charts.

4. Experiment

This is a series of experiments. Experience includes creating certain conditions, observing what is happening and fixing the results. The conditions, the course of the experiment, the results obtained should be described in detail in the work.

5. Text analysis

It is the process of obtaining information through the interpretation of a text. In the text you can find words with one or another meaning, means artistic expressiveness, rhymes... You can match the text on foreign language and its translation.

What does project activity teach

With the right presentation, project activity gives the child good skills in goal setting, understanding "what I want" and "why it is needed."

However, the pitch often suffers. Well, right, Mary Ivanna cannot put her soul into it 30 times a week, she is physically not enough for this. Therefore, topics come across uninteresting, insipid, where the only, very dubious skill is developed - to endure what you do not like.

What to do?

Delve into yourself. Not to conduct research, not to write reports at night, but to help find a topic, at least by asking - what are you interested in now? Dig into hobbies, show encyclopedias and take on a pencil the pages on which the eyes light up!

Topics of research papers and projects for younger students:

climate, plants

Meteorological Center « Folk omens"reports.
Why don't seeds germinate in an apple?
Amber - magic tears of trees
Growing cacti at home
Is it possible to grow a plant in a closed glass jar
Mold is also a fungus!
Is there water in the air?
colorful seas
The influence of kind and abusive words on a plant: an experiment
Were about the dust
What and why draws frost on the glass?
Why do flower buds close at night?
Where do washcloths grow?
Bow for seven ailments
Bean experience. Germination
organic farming
I don’t go to the field, I go to the pharmacy ..
Do they treat houseplants cold?
Why does nettle sting?

Animals, birds, insects

Differences between large and small dogs
feathered architects
Help wintering birds
The frog princess, or how I raised a frog myself
Why do flounders have eyes on one side
Observations on the development of the anthill
Do we understand animals, or how to attract butterflies to your garden
Praise bee!
Hippotherapy: communication with horses is the best medicine.
Homeless animals are a problem for each of us
Can animals count?
How to teach a dog to follow commands?
Why don't cats like to swim?
Why don't dogs like cats?
Effect of music on aquarium fish.

Family, people, society

A little story about my big family
My grandmother's favorite songs
Sights of our city
Oxygen starvation of city dwellers
It’s good in the countryside in summer: how village life differs from city life
What kind of work can I do now?
How to organize your time?
Cleanliness on my street. What can I do with trash?
Russian and European snowman: what is common and what are the differences?

Psycho-social research

How does weather affect mood?
Why do people talk in their sleep?
Why do teachers put deuces?
Why do we need social networks?
Lie theory: how to notice when a person is lying.
What do gestures say about mood?
Politeness in different countries: what is common and what are the differences?
Name and character are connected: truth or myth?
How does fear work?
How to respond to rudeness?
Thought is material: truth or myth.
What do classmates think about the desire or unwillingness to study?

Health and nutrition

5 hardening rules that I have experienced for myself
How does charging affect a person?
How cartoons affect the psyche of a child
My diet
Yard Perils
What are the benefits of cold and hunger?
Healthy sweets without sugar
Homebaked bread
healthy eating habits
What is good to eat for breakfast and why?
Where are the holes in the bread?

Science (literature, history, mathematics..)

Youth jargon in the speech of modern schoolchildren
The image of a dragon / unicorn / .... in children's literature
Units in Ancient Russia
Mathematical proverbs
Quick Counting Techniques
How to write a poem?
Story in music.

Other

How to choose ripe watermelon
Salt is a material for creativity.
Scotch tape is a material for all occasions.

In contact with

School projects act as a method of developing the student's abilities: organizational, intellectual, oratory. Independent work instills in schoolchildren the skills of searching and systematizing information, arouses interest in the subjects studied. At the same time, the fundamental point is the choice of a topic, the knowledge of which the child would like to demonstrate to peers and teachers.

How to make a project

Project activity involves the disclosure of a topic chosen by the student. Successful performance of the work depends on the goals set in it and their subsequent implementation. Row installed general rules, which should be guided when writing a project.

Topic selection

The first task is to determine the topic of the study. It is desirable that it be familiar to the student and arouse interest.

Next, read the assigned task or the proposed structure by the teacher. If the teacher has not set specific tasks, you need to independently divide the project into its component parts. Install in each key points that need to be touched upon in the presentation (of the goal). Then you need to draw up a project plan, which includes chapters, supporting materials (presentations, illustrations, diagrams, diagrams).

Then work through all sorts of ideas, where to start, how best to write a project, where to get information, who to contact for advice.

Students are advised several ways to think about a concept:

Letter in free form. The name of the text is indicated on a sheet of paper in the middle, and under it the words that first came to mind are written. All thoughts are written without discarding unsuitable ones.
Schema creation. The research topic is written in the central part of the sheet. Then a line is drawn to the side of the center and the fact or idea is entered. At the same time, associations are used without dwelling on deep connection. As you prepare, similar considerations are grouped together and key points are selected from among them.

Collection of information

The preparation of information includes a selection of the necessary sources for the upcoming study. When compiling a scientific text, you will need at least 8-10 of them, which you can take on the Internet, the library, in consultation with a specialist or teacher.

For example, to prepare a project on a historical topic, books are suitable, scientific materials, newspaper articles, personal correspondence of figures. Having become acquainted with the sources, the student will touch the events of the past and in correct form expresses his own thoughts.

After the materials are collected, they move on to listing the fundamental facts. Along the way academic work some sources will not be needed, usually students initially take more information than they need in their work.

When studying the material, it is necessary to make appropriate notes, which will help to form the text in the future.

In the project, it is important to indicate the bibliographic data of the literature used:

Surname, initials of the author, name of the source, publisher, revision number, date and city of publication, number of pages.
When using articles, the surname, initials of the author, title of the article and journal, number and date of publication, article pages, digital object identifier are indicated.

It is important when collecting information to thoroughly study the issue, identifying little known facts. This approach to the disclosure of the topic helps the student to better navigate the project, learn for himself and tell others something new.

Organization

The next step is to develop a work plan. You can draft a list of required actions or steps.

A creative project consists of tasks: collecting information, writing a text, artwork and final design.

It is important to set the time for completion of each block of tasks, taking into account the deadlines for submission. You need to work in the opposite direction from the established date of the scientific and practical conference.

For example, there is a month left before delivery, which means that first of all, 1 week should be devoted to drawing up a plan and collecting information. Next week is dedicated to scientific research. Then a week falls on the writing of the text. And finally, the final stage is the final design and artistic applications.

Additionally, the creative process can be divided into days, depending on the speed of project preparation.

Decor

The stage includes writing a text that presents all the facts, considerations on the topic. The presentation indicates the materials collected during the study. Be sure to refer to the sources from which the information is taken. In case of difficulties, it is recommended to ask the teacher for examples of designing a project or individual chapters.

In conclusion, it is necessary to prepare a conclusion, artistic applications. Visual display of ideas in the form of a presentation or schematic drawings helps to visually perceive information.

If several events are selected (for example, by history), then it is advisable to use a time chart. When school work is based on geographical aspects, it is reasonable to create a map. The presentation is based around a key idea.

Examples of ways to present a presentation:

three-dimensional representation, for example, showing a map of battles with a demonstration of the movement of the army;
conducting experiments;
photo show - look impressive vintage photo, you can supplement the project with objects from the past;
demonstration of the project on a computer when designing a solid presentation, and so on.

During the final assembly of the work, it is necessary to verify the tasks and the result of their implementation. If suddenly something is missed, it is necessary to supplement the study.

It is important to allow for additional time for possible revision of the project.

After a research project is done, it must be carefully read and checked for errors. This will help avoid criticism from teachers and peers.

Ready themes

The current topic covered in the study will help students develop Creative skills, educate yourself. During the design process, the child will learn how to properly conduct a discussion, to prove his own point of view using arguments.

Research work includes scientific elements:

hypothesis;
proof of;
laboratory research;
analysis of the received information.

How to choose a theme for an NPC is extremely important in educational process. You can use any ready-made themes for work or come up with your own.

For elementary school

students primary school take part in creative process to broaden your horizons, try your hand at oratory.

The role of color in human life.
Where do riddles live.
What are fountains for?
What healthy lifestyle life.
What a first grader should know about the road to school.
What are the plants.
Our good deeds.
Fireman is a dangerous profession.
Who protects us.
How to predict the weather according to folk signs.
How did children's toys come about?
Why do birds sing.
Cactus is a prickly friend.
The extraordinary world of cats.
My family tree.
Useful vegetables.

Topic design work allows younger students to find answers to questions of interest in myths, fairy tales, legends and the world around them.

For middle classes

Middle school students can design scientific research work on topics in history, geography, mathematics and other subjects school curriculum 5, 6, 7, 8 grades.

High School Topics:

Seven wonders of the world.
How winged expressions appeared.
When did Buddhism appear?
Ancient sages.
Ancient Greek theatre.
The great Wall of China.
Who discovered America.
The first human settlements.
History of the Olympic Games.
The Colosseum is the main place for spectacles.
Magic numbers.
The history of the circus.
English articles.
Russian geographical monuments.

Research work in the middle classes contributes to the development of research and communication skills.

For high school students

Designing for a high school student is a means of self-realization in learning activities. Senior classes (grades 9, 10, 11) - the final stage schooling, ahead of admission to secondary and higher educational institutions.

Projects prepare the child to analyze a large amount of information, teach them to work with it, draw conclusions and express their own opinion.

Topics for young researchers are:

Pythagorean theorem.
sine and cosine.
Natural resources of the world.
How to open your own business.
Modern clothes.
Photo art.
Formaldehydes.
How old are the stars in the sky.
Logarithms.
The work "Thunderstorm" in the assessment of Russian critics.
Why are punctuation marks needed?
Bulgakov is the creator of the novel The Master and Margarita.

In high school, you can write research projects on more serious topics related to physics, chemistry, astronomy, geometry and other sciences.

On literature

For open lesson on Russian literature, it is better to prepare a visual presentation and brief report on topics:

The Silver Age of Russian Poetry.
Dubrovsky.
Fairy tale by V.A. Zhukovsky “The Sleeping Princess”.
How to write an essay-reasoning on works of art.
I. Bunin "Clean Monday".
Mystical stories by N. Gogol.
Epics are a legacy of Russian oral art.
By special signs: Vladimir Mayakovsky.

Scientific

Topics of a scientific nature:

How durable is a chicken egg.
What is the use of paper.
Math in our kitchen.
Physical properties of oxygen.
The role of the name in human life.
What are experiments for?
Magic colors.
Secrets of folk medicine.
Who lives in the computer.

Around the world

Project activities around the world include topics:

Uncharted Arctic zone.
How did the ancient Slavs live?
Time for mushrooms and berries.
Water is the basis of everything.
You and your friends.
Our sports family.
Baptism of Mother Russia.
Who are they, dangerous strangers.
The structure of the human body.
How to measure temperature.
How the human body works.
Internet - the know-how of the era.
Behind the aquarium glass

By history

Information projects on history can be written on topics:

Battle of Kursk Bulge.
Who are the Manchus.
Teachings of the early Christians.
Pilot legends.
Stalin skyscrapers.
The Leonardo da Vinci code.
The Renaissance is a time of great discoveries..

Mathematics

For those who are interested exact sciences like topics:

Lucky number 7.
Time units.
Mysterious numbering.
How to work with a chart.
The graph is a good example.
Division of multi-digit numbers.

By technology

Preparing a technology presentation is suitable for both girls and boys.

Creativity in primary school will help to reveal the abilities in the prepared projects:

Postcard for the New Year.
Origami technique.
How to work with paper.
faience factories.
Bulk applications.
How wagons are made.
The art of scrapbooking.
Plasticine pictures.

The key to good work is the choice of an interesting topic:

Ancient fun in Russia.
History of tea and coffee.
How to grow beans at home.
How dinosaurs lived.
Principles of operation of a microwave oven.
Do pets understand us?
Should I believe in horoscopes?
The benefits and harms of chewing gum.

Original

Unusual topics suitable for inquisitive children:

How to recognize mood by gestures.
Mistakes in speaker's speech.
The role of emoticons in messages.
The impact of advertising on people.
The meaning of the word "wealth".
Why do people love.
The principle of operation of virtual glasses and others.

Related videos

I. Introduction.
Every nation on Earth, regardless of skin color and race, has its own customs and beliefs, its own language and its own legends. Every nation has its own history. Each nation has made its own contribution to the universal culture. It doesn't matter if this contribution is big or small, the important thing is that it is unique. The Mordovian people have their own history, their contribution.
The Mordovian wedding is interesting for its traditions and rituals, theatrical performances and characters, colorful costumes and beautiful songs. In the modern world, traditions are forgotten, and now, when interest in national values begins to grow, we return to ethnic roots in order to show how important and interesting they are. After all, knowing our culture, we learn the history of our people. For the first time he published his works on the Mordovian wedding P.I. Melnikov-Pechersky in Simbirsk lips. Gazette" for 1851 under the title "Erzya wedding" (No. 25) and "Moksha wedding" (No. 26). It is no coincidence that A.N. Posadsky calls P.I. Melnikov _ Pechersky the discoverer of Mordovian wedding poetry. In 1866, the ethnographer S. Krantovsky published in Samara Province. Vedamasti” (No. 26) the article “Wedding at the Mordva Bugulma district of the Samara province. I. I. Lepekhin, I. G. Georgi, M. D. Chupnov, M. Popov, D.N. Orlov, V. Aunovsky, were also engaged in collecting and studying Mordovian wedding rites. A significant role was played by the activities of V.N. Mainova. In the works "Essays on the life of Mordva" (1879) and "Essay on the legal life of Mordva" (1885), he summarized information about the Mordovian people, collected both by his predecessors and by himself. In the period from 1880 to 1917, he begins his collective and scientific activity the outstanding Mordovian folklorist, ethnographer, historian and Litwist M.E. Evseviev (1864 - 1931). He produced the first scientific recordings of wedding poetry texts and studied their connections with rituals. The traditional rites of the Mordovians attracted the attention of not only scientists, ethnographers, historians and folklorists. The Mordovian wedding became a source of creativity for a number of artists of Mordovia, who tried to convey such a complex theatrical performance, the nature of the characters and the very festive mood in their works. It should be noted such artists as F.V. Sychkov and his painting "Young", I.I. Sidelnikov Mordovian embroiderers. Dowry”, V.A. Popkov “Wedding in the village”, “Bride”, O.V. Filipen "Mordovian brides", Medvedev G.A. "Crying of the Mordovian bride".
The noted studies convincingly argue the unity of the Mordovian people and their culture.
1. The purpose of the study. Find out the essence of the Mordovian wedding, trace the features of the wedding ceremonies of the Mordovians. 2. Research objectives. ·
To analyze publicistic and literary sources devoted to this topic. · Consider the structure of the Mordovian wedding ceremony. · Recreate a complete picture of the life of the wedding. Summarize the studied material. Draw conclusions from the literature studied.
3. Research methods.
In this work, the following theoretical and practical research methods were used:
1. Selection of material on the topic.
2. Analysis of the literature on the topic.
3. Generalization of the studied material.
4. Conclusions on the collected material.
5. Interview
4. Object of study
Mordovian wedding as a historical, cultural and ethnographic phenomenon.
5. Subject of study
Mordovian wedding, in the Zubovo-Polyansky district, as a historical, cultural and ethnographic phenomenon. \
6. Hypothesis
The history of the Mordovian people, like any other history, is part modern culture and not a dead world. Everything more people join it, learning and comprehending the rituals and customs of the Mordovians.
7. Relevance
The relevance of this topic is due to the ever-increasing interest of the Mordovian people, as well as people of other nationalities living on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia, to their historical past.
Currently, there is a tendency to revive national traditions, customs and rituals. These include the wedding ceremony - the most significant event in the life of any nation. A wedding is a cornerstone in the process of creating a family.
II. Main part.
1. Mordovian wedding ceremonies.
The wedding ceremonies of the Mordovians were distinguished by great complexity and diversity, determined by the peculiarities of settlement, the variety of contacts of its individual groups with their neighbors. Traditional rituals, timed to coincide with different historical stages, were supposed to contribute to the successful development of the ethnic group and marked the transition of the bride and groom into a new social category - the category of the family. The wedding cycle of the Mordovians began with matchmaking (“ladyama” - moksha, “ladyamo” - erzya). Matchmaking among the Mordovians took place in several stages. Before sending matchmakers to the bride’s house for preliminary negotiations, one of the groom’s relatives went there (“ingolden yakai” - moksha - “going forward”). Arriving at the bride's house, he sat under the so-called mother, where, as it was believed, the keeper of the house was staying. The guests also sat under the mother mat because she allegedly “entangled”, bound, and then the matchmakers would no longer be driven away. In those villages where the Mordovian wedding ceremony retained more traditional features, only men went to woo. The order in which the men went to woo may be an echo of the so-called marriage by kidnapping. Researchers of the Mordovians noted that in some places the kidnapping of brides existed until about the middle of the 19th century. final agreement on upcoming wedding was achieved during a big matchmaking, which was called "simoma" - moksha, "simema" - erzya (lit. "drink") - "drink", "drink". During it, they agreed on the “laying” for the bride (“pitna” - moksha), on the gifts that she had to make to the groom’s relatives, and on the dowry. Mordovians, both Moksha and Erzi, had a custom after the matchmaking to get acquainted with the groom's household. This rite was called "house to look" or "to look at the place" ("vasta varjama" - moksha, "tarka vachamo" - erzya). This custom was also widespread among the Russian population living in Mordovia. Among the Mordovians, this rite did not mean a serious acquaintance with the groom's household. Sometimes the bride's relatives came to the groom's house the next day. This visit was called "watching stoves". It had a comic, cheerful character: the bride's relatives armed themselves with anything and threatened the owner to break the stove if he did not pay off them with a treat. A significant event of the pre-wedding period among the Mordovians was the ritual washing of the bride in the bath on the eve of the wedding or a few days before it (“wash bath” - moksha, “teiteren bath” - erzya, that is, “girl's bath”). The bath for the bride was heated by girlfriends or daughters-in-law. A visit to the maiden's bath at the Mordovians was accompanied by lamentations and was furnished with special ceremonies. The meaning of the Mordovian girl's bath was to cleanse with water, since it is known that the Mordovians had faith in the cleansing power of water. Perhaps the bride's visit to the bathhouse on the eve of the wedding was her farewell to the patroness of the bathhouse ("bathroom - ava" - moksha, erzya). Returning from the bath, the bride thanked her for washing her. The Mordovian wedding is characterized by the bride's farewell to girlhood, when she gave each of her friends a scarlet ribbon with lamentations. Great importance Mordovians were attached to baking wedding pies in the groom's house. Especially solemnly, with numerous rituals, they set the dough for them. The groom's relatives actively participated in this ceremony. In the period between the matchmaking and the wedding, his relatives with gifts came to the bride from the groom's house several times to set the day for it. There was also a custom to go from the bride to the groom's house to take measurements from the table and windows in order to sew a tablecloth and curtains according to these sizes. This is a relatively late custom, called by the Mordovians “morksh merama” - moksha (“measure table”) and “measurement of merama” - moksha (“measure curtains”), was common in the village. Zarubkino, Kargaly, New Vyselki, Zubovo-Polyansky district. The bride's relatives also went to the groom for a shirt, according to the size of which the bride sewed him a shirt for the wedding as a gift. The bride's friends and her relatives took this shirt to the groom, and as a gift to the cooks - towels. It was customary among the Mordovians for the bride to make gifts not only to the groom, but also to his relatives. She gave her future mother-in-law "sleeves" (a shirt with a camp), her father-in-law - a shirt and pants, and other relatives - smaller gifts. Friends helped prepare these gifts for the bride. On the evening before the wedding, the mother of the bride treated her friends to dinner, and the bride herself thanked them for their help in preparing for the wedding. The wedding of the bride and groom was combined with rituals aimed at protecting them from evil forces. At the end of XIX - beginning of XX century. the wedding usually took place on the day when the bride was taken to the groom's house. The "wedding train" came for the bride, which consisted of the groom's relatives. Big role while the godparents played. The matchmaker was usually godmother The groom is the main person in the wedding train. The second most important person of the wedding train was a man - the imprisoned father of the "father" - moksha, who protected the groom from damage. The young woman treated him with special respect throughout her life. In some places, the “father” was not at the wedding, and his role was played by “poksh kuda” - erzya - “senior traveler”, who was the next wedding character after the father. It should be noted that in different regions the composition, name and purpose of wedding rites varied. In the Mordovian-Moksha of Krasnoslobodsky, Temnikovsky and some other regions, the main wedding character was “toryn gandy” - moksha (“tor” - “saber”, “gandy” - “walking”). They were usually the groom's son-in-law, his sister's husband. Here, on the train of the groom, there were “rvyanyan moraikht” -moksha (literally “singing in honor of the bride”) - girls, whose duty it was to slander the bride in songs. It should be noted that the father played the role of guardian of the groom, bride and the entire wedding train. To do this, he walked around the wedding train three times with the icon in his hands before it left for the bride's house. Toryn Gandy among the Mordovians-Moksha did this with a knife or a saber. big role in wedding ceremony the Mordovian-Moksha played the godmother of the groom - "godfather". The trainees, who were not endowed with special functions, were called "kudat" - moksha, erzya. In some places, everyone kudat, with the exception of the matchmaker - "kudava", were men. In those places of settlement of the Mordovians, where more traditional features were preserved in the wedding, the groom did not go for the bride with the wedding train. The young people met at the church. When the wedding train drove up to the bride's house, her relatives locked the gates and demanded a ransom, ridiculing or magnifying those who arrived. The matchmaker at the gate also sang, asking them to let the travelers into the house as soon as possible. Entering the house, the travelers had to give a number of ransoms, in particular, to buy a place near the bride. After the blessing of the bride by her parents, her close relatives - “snatched” - moksha - took her in their arms and carried her out into the yard. The bride tried to resist, grabbed the door frame and left her parents' house with lamentations. At the end of the XIX century. from the bride's house, the wedding train went to the church, and from there to the groom's house. Only in some places near the Mordovians did the wedding train go first to the groom's house, and from there to the church. For example, in Standrovo, Temnikovsky district, Tambov province (now the Tengushevsky district), the bride was brought to the groom's house in the evening. The wedding took place the next day. This order is probably a relic of the time when the wedding was not part of the wedding ritual of the Mordovians. After the wedding, the young couple was met in the house of the groom's parents. Here the parents of the young met them with bread and salt, showered them with hops. This ancient rite had the magical meaning of ensuring childbearing. Among Mordovians, young people were usually met by “ovta” (“bear” - moksha) - a woman dressed in a fur coat turned inside out. In her hands she held a frying pan with hops and dead coals, which was substituted under the feet of the young woman. She had to throw it away three times. At the end of the XIX century. this rite was given the importance of determining the character of the young. The Mordovians attached great importance to putting on a young female headdress. This ceremony was performed 5-6 weeks after the marriage and was accompanied by sacrifices to the patrons of the house, court and ancestors. In some places, the young woman's headdress was put on after the wedding in the church gatehouse, in others - after the wedding night. According to other sources, this was done a year after the wedding or after the birth of a child. The difference in the time of putting on could be caused by the inclusion of the Mordovians in her wedding ceremonies after the Christianization of the church wedding. Perhaps this reflected both the former division of women into age and sex groups, and the elimination of this system. Along with these rituals, the ritual of presenting a young stove in the house of her husband's parents was widespread among the Mordovians. I. N. Smirnov associated it with the belief that existed among the Mordovians that there was a patroness of the stove in the house. The young woman was brought to her so that she entered into good relations with her. The Mordovian rite of naming “daughter-in-law” - “lemdima” (“lem” - “name” - moksha) was interesting and peculiar. the wife of which son she was. In the future, all members of her husband's family, except for himself, father-in-law and mother-in-law, called her this name. The father-in-law and mother-in-law called the young "urva" - moksha, Erzya - "daughter-in-law", and the husband called her by a nickname or using a pronoun ("you", "hey, you"). This ceremony was also performed in front of the oven. It was probably associated with the cleansing power of fire and water (in some places the ceremony was accompanied by the young woman stepping over a tub of water and splashing her and those present with this water). When naming her young, they hit her on the forehead with specially baked bread (this suggests that this rite of the Mordovians is associated with agriculture). The new name of the young woman served as a sign of her belonging to new family and indicated her position in it. This rite disappeared almost everywhere among the Mordovians-Erzi and was spread mainly among the Mordovians-Mokshas. It can be assumed that in the past it was one of the main rituals of the Mordovian wedding. The Mordovians accompanied the presentation of the young in the husband's house to the deceased ancestors, the guardian of the court, the goddess of water, with special ceremonies. To the keeper of water - After all - ave - erzya-moksha - the young one used to make offerings, she gave gifts to those who “showed” her the way to the well. Relatives of the young Mordovians in a number of places were called "mountain". They came to the house of the parents of the young on the day of the wedding, on the second or third day after it. Two tables were laid for them - one for men, the other for women. Among the Mordovians-Mokshas, the second wedding day was called “potiha shi” (“funny day”). The guests dressed up in whatever, in some places pots were smashed. From the house of the young, her relatives came to “look for a bright one.” After this ceremony, the travelers left the wedding. On the second day of the wedding, the young woman was forced to sweep the floor. Those present threw garbage on the floor, money that went in favor of the newlywed. When she fetched water for the first time in her husband's house, people who met her along the way sprinkled her with water. During the first visit to the bathhouse in a new family (“Odirvan Banya” - Moksha, Erzya - “Young Bathhouse”), the young one presented all her husband’s relatives with rings. When leaving the bath, she left the ring as a gift to the keeper of the bath. On the first Easter after the wedding, the young woman gave gifts to her husband's relatives. At this time, she was taken to the homes of relatives. At the end of the XIX century. the Mordovians to some extent retained the custom of returning the young to the parents' house some time after the wedding. It was called "potavtoma", "potavks" - moksha, erzya ("return"). A week or two after the wedding, on a holiday, her brothers or other close relatives came for the young woman and took her to her parents' house for a week or two. Among the Moksha Mordovians, a young woman went to her parents four weeks before religious holidays (Christmas, Easter, etc.) and stayed there until the holiday itself. Here, before Easter, one of her relatives ("spice ponai") put on her a women's headdress and did her hair. Thus, the wedding ritual of the Mordovians late XIX- beginning of XX century. was a bright, original phenomenon of culture. Some of the rites belonged to the sphere of magical actions aimed at protecting the young from the evil eye, damage (sticking needles or pins into the clothes of the bride and groom, covering the bride's face, bypassing the wedding train by one of the wedding characters, feeding the young separately, etc.) or fertility (sprinkling with hops, putting a child on their knees, etc.). Over time, some rituals lost their original meaning and were performed only according to tradition, others received a new understanding, and others acquired a comic, playful character. 2. Interview
In my work, I used not only theoretical, but also practical methods of research, such as, for example, an interview with the head of the local history section of the Zubovo-Polyansky district Anna Petrovna Yakunina. Below I would like to provide you with an interview.
1. How did the Mordovian wedding cycle begin?
The Mordovian wedding cycle began with matchmaking.
2. What can you tell us about matchmaking?
Matchmaking began with ritual ceremonies associated with the choice of a bride. The good fame of the family, diligence, the health of the bride girl and the condition of her parents were taken into account here. It continued in the bride's house, where "walkers" came from the groom's side. We chose one of the easy days, that is, when people are lucky. Here, together with the bride's parents, after some ceremonies, or even disputes, they agreed on the price, gifts, etc. Depending on the financial condition the groom's parents, the bride was given a different price.
3. I also heard about such a ceremony as “vasta varzhama”. What can you tell about it? After the "matchmaking" ceremony, the bride's parents came to the groom's house to inspect his property. And if the bride's parents are satisfied, then they invited to come to their place for the final "sing out", this is called "proxy simoma" - in Mordovian.
4. Did the Mordovians have a wedding, and what was this ceremony?
Mordovians got married after the adoption of Christianization. After the bride's farewell parental home, the wedding train was heading to the church where the young people were getting married. “Marriage is a sacrament in which, with the free before the priest and the church, the promise of the bride and groom of mutual fidelity to each other, their marital union is blessed.
5. Who prepared the wedding dresses for the bride and groom? For the groom, the parents celebrated the so-called full suit. The full costume consisted of a shirt, jacket, long trousers, shoes, headgear (cap, or cap) - was purchased at family budget. The father took an active part in this acquisition.
Particular attention was paid to the costume of the girls. A girl, when they are issued, and they will buy a scarf brighter, and parents will not regret the ribbons. The main concern for their attire lay with their mothers. Women allocated money for them from the funds they received from the sale of canvas, dairy and vegetable products. Girls' clothing was the main, and sometimes the only part of the dowry, which was an inalienable female property. According to folk customs, the wedding dress passed from mother to daughters. At the age of 7 to 8, the girls already started to embroider, and from the age of 14-15 they already started to weave. FROM early age the girls began to prepare their own wedding costume, which was called “shuvanya sham”.
6. In those days, the girls were quite interesting names. Did the girl's name remain after marriage?
The Mordovian rite of naming “daughter-in-law” - “lemdima” (“lem” - “name” - moksha) was interesting and peculiar. the wife of which son she was. In the future, all members of her husband's family, except for himself, father-in-law and mother-in-law, called her this name. The father-in-law and mother-in-law called the young "urva" - moksha, Erzya - "daughter-in-law", and the husband called her by a nickname or using a pronoun ("you", "hey, you"). III. Conclusion
Much can be seen in historical distances, if you look at the development of the people closely and slowly. The great French historian Mark Blok wrote: “The man of the age of electricity or aviation feels - perhaps not without some reason - very far from his ancestors. From this, he easily draws the already, perhaps careless, conclusion that he is no longer determined by them. But this is hardly true. Past, present and future constitute the continuous flow of the life of the people. We ourselves are a part of it. And to break this chain or remove at least one of its links is simply unthinkable. Nothing can be crossed out, consigned to oblivion from what was. The history of the Mordovian people, like any other history, is part of modern culture, and not an extinct world. An increasing number of people join it, learning and comprehending the rituals and customs of the Mordovians. AT last years the phenomenon of "mankurtism" became widespread. Mankurt is a man without memory, without traditions, a man cut off from his people, from their culture and history. He lost contact with his native culture, but he did not find links with other cultures either. He found himself, as it were, outside of tradition, both national and universal. Mankurtism is a terrible phenomenon that threatens to undermine the roots of human civilization. That is why an appeal to the past, to the origins is simply necessary. Required for recovery historical memory, to resume the interrupted connection of times.

The 1st All-Russian Internet Contest "Children's Research Project" has come to an end!

The main objectives of the competition are to identify and provide informational support to children who have shown abilities in the field of creating research projects; exchange and dissemination pedagogical experience in the field of creating children's research projects - solved! From February 28 to May 14, 2011 for two and a half months on the pages of the site was published free of charge 161 research project of students aged 6 to 11 from different corners our Motherland.

We sincerely thank our wonderful authors and everyone who took part in this Contest!!! Experts who painstakingly studied the work of children day after day, supported them with high marks and warm words deserve special gratitude.

All competitive materials are transferred to the collection of the Children-66.ru portal. The editors of the portal reserve the right to use the received works, distribute, publish and republish the whole work or part of it in printed collections, via the Internet, as well as in the media.

The long-awaited moment has come: summing up!

Members of the Expert Council of the competition:

Primary school teacher the highest category MOU "Tresvyatskaya secondary school" Novousmansky district of the Voronezh region.

Nefedova Evgenia Nikolaevna, teacher of Russian language and literature of the highest category, secondary school No. 30, Engels, Saratov region.

Okrugina Margarita Viktorovna, winner of the Priority National Project "Education", primary school teacher of the highest category, secondary school No. 10, Verkhniye Sergi village, Sverdlovsk region.

Best Teacher Competition Winner Russian Federation, teacher of primary classes of the highest category of gymnasium No. 1, Almetyevsk, Republic of Tatarstan.

Winner of the Priority National Project "Education", primary school teacher and of English language the highest category, Ardon Republic North Ossetia- Alanya.

Teacher of fine and arts and crafts of the highest category of the Moscow Lyceum (technological) p. Khryashchevka, Samara region.

Posashkova Elena Vyacheslavovna, editor-in-chief of the portal "Children-66.ru", candidate of philological sciences, associate professor, city of Yekaterinburg, chairman of the Expert Council of the competition.

Expert assessment indicators:

The scientific nature of the competitive material (the presence of correctly formulated goals, hypotheses, tasks and research methods, the reliability of the findings).
The practical significance of the research project (relevance and significance of the topic, its connection with the educational process, the objective significance of the results and conclusions in the course of the study).
The quality of the visual support of the project - presentations (availability of high-quality illustrations, photographs, videos, compliance with uniform requirements for its design).
Literacy and consistency of presentation, culture of citation, availability of sources.

The works were evaluated on the basis of the specified indicators on a scale from 0 to 10 points, the points were summed up. The parentheses indicate total scores given by experts.

Winners in all nominations received free printed diplomas of winners and valuable gifts - books.

Laureates in all nominations received printed diplomas of laureates free of charge.

All other participants of the competition were able to receive printed diplomas of the All-Russian Internet competition on a paid basis.

Teachers - leaders of children's research projects-winners received free diplomas of scientific leaders of children's research projects of the All-Russian Internet competition.

Works of the competition winners

Nomination "Philology"

The project "Speech aggression of younger schoolchildren or some secrets of words" (Alexander Burov, Yokubdzhon Usmonov, students of grade 3 A of the Belaya secondary school, Sredny village, Usolsky district of Irkutsk area). (257)

Nomination "World around"

The project "A little story about my big family" (Mgoeva Ruzana, a 4th grade student of the branch of the secondary school No. 6, Voskresenskaya station, Novoaleksandrovsky district Stavropol Territory). (258)

Nomination "Mathematics"

Research project "Labyrinths" (Boriskova Elizaveta, student of the 5th "B" class of the municipal educational institution "Secondary School No. 112", Trekhgorny, Chelyabinsk Region). (265)

Nomination "Aesthetic cycle"

Project "Cartoons: what is it?" (Polyakov Mikhail, student of the 2nd "B" class, Gymnasium No. 11, Yelets, Lipetsk Region). (270)

Works of the winners of the competition

Nomination "Philology"

The project "The Art of Creating a Book" (Sirotko Olesya, student of the 3rd "B" class of MBOU Lyceum No. 81, Novosibirsk). (253)

The project "Youth jargon in the speech of modern schoolchildren" (Maria Zarechneva, student 4 "B" of the class of the MOU "Secondary School No. 11", Rubtsovsk Altai Territory). (246)

The project "A fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it ..." (Yaroslav Tymkiv, student of 2 "B" class of the municipal educational institution "Solnechnaya secondary school No. 1", Solnechny village, Surgut district, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra). (239)

Vocabulary of the love lyrics of Russian poets (Sofya Lavrentyeva, student of the 5th grade "B" GOU Gymnasium No. 1636 "NIKA", Moscow). (238)

The project "The Image of the Dragon in Children's Literature" (Anton Sipov, student of the 2nd "G" class of the secondary school No. 185, Nizhny Novgorod). (221)

Nomination "World around"

Project "Does toothpaste affect the strength of teeth?" (Tkachenko Vera, student 3 "B" class MBOU Lyceum No. 88, Yekaterinburg). (257)

“To sleep or not to sleep? That is the question!" (Golubtsova Sophia, 2nd grade student, Gymnasium No. 17, Perm). (255)

The project “Why ships don’t sink” (Tsyupko Maxim, student 4 “B” of the class of the MAOU secondary school “Native Land”, Moscow New Urengoy, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Tyumen Region).(250)

The project "Where did the bread come from?" (Sivakov Andrey, student of the 2nd "B" class of the MOU "Secondary School No. 11", Rubtsovsk, Altai Territory). (241)

Project: The meteorological center "People's Signs" reports ... (Dresvyanin Semyon, student 3 "A" of the class of the MOU "Secondary School No. 37", Arkhangelsk). (240)

Nomination "Mathematics"

Project "Mathematics in the kitchen" (Sofya Kolontaevskaya, 2nd grade student of the Gymnasium No. 75, Kazan). (264)

Project "Computer games - is it good or bad?" (Varsopko Maria, student 3 "B" class MOU secondary school No. 31, Novocherkassk Rostov region). (253)