Tsnii Vko mor rf. Aerospace manipulation

The formation of the Central Research Institute of Aerospace Defense will be completed by March 1, 2014. It will include research centers (NRC RKO (Moscow), NRC Air Defense (Tver) and departments of the NRC RKS (Yubileiny). This was announced at a meeting of the Military Council of the Aerospace Defense Forces, which was held at the headquarters of the East Kazakhstan Troops.

The Central Research Institute of the Aerospace Defense will become the main component of the military-scientific complex of the Aerospace Defense Forces, which will be entrusted with the functions of the lead research organization in the field of construction and development of the Aerospace Defense Russian Federation.

Among priorities The Central Research Institute of the Aerospace Defense will study the justification of measures for the construction and development of reconnaissance and warning systems for an aerospace attack by the enemy, the destruction and suppression of aerospace attack weapons, control systems and technical support for the troops (forces) of the Aerospace Defense of the Russian Federation.

The Central Research Institute of the East Kazakhstan Region will conduct comprehensive studies of the main directions in the development of weapons, military and special equipment Aerospace defense, military scientific support for their development, testing and use, research on reliability, operation, standardization, unification, energy supply, military ergonomics, stability, develop a tactical, feasibility study of the requirements for new weapons.

At present, the military-scientific complex of the Aerospace Defense Forces includes the Research Institute of the Military Space Academy. A.F. Mozhaisky (St. Petersburg), research laboratories of the Military Academy of Aerospace Defense. G.K. Zhukov (Tver), research departments of the Plesetsk cosmodrome (Arkhangelsk region), research and testing department of the Main Test Space Center named after. G.S. Titova (Moscow region).

Also, the military-scientific complex of the Aerospace Defense Forces includes the 3rd scientific company, formed on the basis of the Center for ensuring the commissioning of missile and space defense facilities of the Main Center for Missile Attack Warning (Moscow Region).

The main goals of the military-scientific complex of the aerospace defense are to conduct scientific research actual problems development military theory and practice, creation, use, operation and disposal of space weapons, aerospace defense weapons, construction, training and use of troops and forces equipped with these weapons, military-scientific support of research and development work to create the corresponding weapons of the military and special technology.

Another reform military science: steep dive or ambitions of military officials

Within ten years, fundamentally new hypersonic and aerospace aircrafts, reconnaissance and strike drones, weapons based on new physical principles. There will be an integration of reconnaissance, communications, navigation and control into a single system. The enemy will be able to deliver time-coordinated high-precision strikes against almost all targets.

So, in the short term, the successful conduct of military operations in aerospace will become the basis for achieving success in armed struggle on land and at sea. Under these conditions, the disruption of an aerospace attack by the enemy acquires paramount decisive importance, determining the course and outcome of the war and the fate of the country as a whole.

In April 2006, the President of the Russian Federation, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, approved the Aerospace Defense Concept. “... special attention should be paid to strengthening the country's aerospace defense, to combine the existing systems of air and anti-space defense, missile attack warning and control of outer space. They must operate under the unified control of the strategic command.” Such a task was set in the presidential Address in October 2010.

“Even with an investment of four to five billion rubles, the risks of losing scientific schools, disrupting the deadlines for key R&D do not decrease”

In accordance with the approved Concept of the Aerospace Defense of the Russian Federation, on December 1, 2011, a new branch of the Armed Forces, the Aerospace Defense Forces of the Russian Federation, began to carry out combat missions for the protection and defense of the borders of the Russian Federation.

In June 2013, Vladimir Putin clearly defined the role of the aerospace defense system being created: “An effective aerospace defense is a guarantee of the stability of our strategic forces containment, covering the territory of the country from aerospace attack means. The President clearly set development priorities Russian army, putting forward aerospace defense to one of the first places: “We must not allow an imbalance in the strategic deterrence system, a decrease in the effectiveness of our nuclear forces. Therefore, the creation of aerospace defense will continue to be one of the key areas military construction.

Naturally, the fulfillment of the state tasks of building the aerospace defense system of the Russian Federation, grandiose in design and responsibility, required their military-scientific substantiation, support and support. Therefore, the logical implementation of the provisions of the conceptual documents approved by the President of the Russian Federation was the creation of the Central Research Institute of the Aerospace Defense Forces (TsNII VVKO). The Institute was formed in accordance with the order of the Government of the Russian Federation and the order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation in March 2014.

Assignee of the 2nd, 45th and 50th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense

The creation of the Central Research Institute of VVKO is consistent with plans to develop a promising military-scientific complex, the contours of which were outlined by the Chief of the General Staff of the RF Armed Forces - First Deputy Minister of Defense Army General Valery Gerasimov on scientific and practical conference « military security Russia: XXI century” February 14, 2013. In his speech, the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation emphasized the role of applied and practical science, which provides testing of weapons and military equipment, scientific support for their operation, modernization and disposal. He called for striving to ensure that the theory of organizational development of the Armed Forces would correspond as much as possible to the prospects for the development of the character of wars and armed struggle as a whole. This idea was developed by the Chief of the General Staff in a report at the general meeting of the Academy of Military Sciences on February 25, 2014, which noted: “The military scientific complex is designed to provide a justification for the directions of construction and development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and a preliminary scientific study of the military-political decisions being made.” Consequently, the creation of the Central Research Institute of VVKO can be viewed as the result of the phased implementation of plans for the implementation of a promising military-scientific complex of the RF Armed Forces, correlated with the tasks formulated in the Aerospace Defense Concept in terms of the sound formation of military-technical policy.

The birth of the Central Research Institute of VVKO, as well as other R&D in the Armed Forces of our state, was a natural stage in the history of the development of the military science of air defense (VKO), as evidenced by all the experience preceding the direct construction of modern aerospace defense.

In the prewar years, when samples of air defense weapons and military equipment were relatively simple to design and manufacture and, consequently, cheap, their development was carried out, as a rule, by the design bureau of industry without R&D in the current understanding. However, already at that time, close attention was paid to the development of air defense weapons and military equipment and the role of military science in their creation. In the post-war period, with the complication of weapons and military equipment, a decision is made to develop them in accordance with the requirements of the customer (the Armed Forces). The task of preparing the TTZ was assigned to the testing organizations. However, it turned out that the specifics of the latter did not contribute to solving problems related to forecasting the conditions for the use of weapons and military equipment in the long term and substantiating the main directions of their development on this basis.

To accomplish these tasks, it was necessary to carry out a complex of research and experimental work carried out by specialized scientific organizations to justify the requirements for the sample specified in the TTZ and to develop technologies that ensure their implementation. Therefore, the top management decides to create specific research institutes. In the Air Defense Forces, military science took shape organizationally in 1957 through the unification of disparate scientific units of the armed forces and test sites into the first in the USSR Armed Forces a single integrated research institute of the type of aircraft - NII-2 Air Defense, subsequently - the 2nd Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, and now - Research Center (Tver city) Central Research Institute of Troops of the East Kazakhstan Defense Ministry of Russia. The research works carried out by NII-2 Air Defense in 1959-1961 gave scientifically sound recommendations on ensuring the security of our state in the conditions of application nuclear missile weapons based on the creation of means in the structure of the Air Defense Forces, united in missile attack warning systems (SPRN), missile defense(ABM), anti-space defense (PKO) and control of outer space (SCP). The formation of the key components of the aerospace defense system was carried out within the framework of the Air Defense Forces of the country as a branch of the Armed Forces, relying precisely on research institutes. Since April 1967, as part of the Air Defense Forces, there has been a new branch of the troops - the Anti-Missile and Anti-Space Defense Forces, and later, with the inclusion of troops and a missile attack warning system, they were merged into the Missile and Space Defense Forces (VRKO).

By the end of the 70s - the beginning of the 80s of the last century, information and fire weapons and systems capable of combating almost all existing types of attack weapons operating in air and outer space were created as part of the country's Air Defense Forces. The range of tasks solved by the Air Defense Forces was no longer limited to the fight against an air enemy. In fact, now there was every reason to raise the issue of renaming the Air Defense Forces into the Aerospace Defense Forces.

Subsequently, comprehensive studies of the problems of the development of air defense and missile defense, conducted by the institute together with the 45th Research Institute (later - the 45th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense, and now - the Research Center (Moscow) of the Central Research Institute of the Troops of the Aerospace Defense of the Ministry of Defense of Russia), other research institutes of the Ministry of Defense and industrial organizations at the end 1990s - early 2000s, formed the basis of the Concept of Aerospace Defense of the Russian Federation approved by the President of the Russian Federation.

Currently, the Central Research Institute of VVKO, as the successor of the 2nd, 45th and 50th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, performs the entire range of work to implement the main provisions of the Concept of the Aerospace Defense of the Russian Federation.

The main tasks of the institute, which has the status of the parent organization in the system design of the created aerospace defense system and its elements, are:

Studies of the problems of building the RF Armed Forces (in terms of the forces and means of the aerospace defense), substantiation of their composition, structure, formation and use of groupings of troops (forces) of the aerospace defense of the country and the armed forces and the unified air defense system of the CIS; comprehensive studies of the prospects for the development of means of aerospace attack by foreign states, forms and methods of their use; comprehensive studies of the main directions of the development of armaments and military equipment, development of proposals in State program armaments (GPV) and the state defense order (GOZ) in terms of aerospace defense and space weapons; military-scientific support of research and development work carried out within the framework of the State Defense Order in the interests of the Aerospace Defense of the Russian Federation and space weapons.

The scientific backbone of the Central Research Institute of VVKO is represented by three research centers: air defense (Tver), rocket and space defense (Moscow) and military space research (Yubileiny). The Institute has a modern laboratory, testing and modeling facilities that provide comprehensive research and testing of systems and means of aerospace defense. The base was created over decades and has no analogues in the country.

The unique methodology for researching the problems of building air defense (aerospace) defense of the Central Research Institute of VVKO, which is a multi-level hierarchical structure of methods, techniques and models, ensures the conduct of military-theoretical, experimental and military-economic studies of the main directions in the development of AME aerospace defense and substantiation of proposals in the sections of the State Defense Order and SAP in terms of aerospace defense and space weapons.

Under the leadership of the command of the Aerospace Defense Forces, the institute closely cooperates with the highest bodies of state and military administration, committees of defense ministers and chiefs of staff of the armed forces of the CIS member states, the National Research University of the Ministry of Defense, military higher educational institutions(higher education institutions), design bureaus and industrial organizations, spaceports and state test sites.

Passion for irreversible change

The main activities for the creation of the Central Research Institute of VVKO have been completed. The Institute has been formed and fulfills the tasks for its intended purpose. At the same time, in August-September 2014, that is, just a few months after the creation of the Central Research Institute of VVKO, the Ministry of Defense began to work out options for reforming the institute into educational and scientific complexes (ESC). For the most part, the disastrous consequences of the reform of military science initiated at the time of former minister defense of Anatoly Serdyukov, which consisted in the creation of the so-called military training scientific centers(VUNTS), how a new idea arose - the creation of the PMC. As conceived by the "neo-reformers", it is expedient to rebuild the Central Research Institute of VVKO under the flag of integrating higher educational institutions and research and educational organizations: territorial principle Research Center (Tver) with VA VKO (Tver), in fact - the liquidation of Research Center (Moscow) and Research Center (Yubileiny) through the redeployment and transfer of their functions and tasks to the Military Space Academy named after A.F. Mozhaisky (St. Petersburg).

“The cause of military development must be protected from the indefatigable appetites of false reformers”

In the recent past, a similar voluntaristic, unjustified attempt was made to liquidate the G.K. Zhukov Aerospace Defense Forces in Tver by transferring it to the A.F. Mozhaisky Military Space Academy in St. training and education of commanders for the Air Defense Forces (VKO) did not exist. Then this task, according to many criteria and principles, turned out to be unbearable and its implementation was put on the brakes. Now another idea has arisen to introduce two former research institutes (45th and 50th Central Research Institute) into the structure of the same academy by redeploying them together with the entire economy. But you can not embrace the immensity. The cause of military construction must be protected in a timely manner from the irrepressible appetites of pseudo-reforming officials, the necessary scientific research must be carried out, or at least answers to the following fundamental questions must be obtained.

What determines the need to disband the Central Research Institute of VVKO, created a few months ago-

Who conducted the military-economic justification of the expediency of disbanding the Central Research Institute of VVKO and what is the cost of carrying out measures to reform it, taking into account the transfer (creation in a new location) of the unique laboratory and test base available at the institute -

What effect is achieved by merging the institute and universities, what are the basis for assessing the possibility of effective complete solution tasks assigned to the Research Center (Moscow) and the Research Center (Jubilee) of the Military Space Academy. A. F. Mozhaisky-

Who will be personally responsible for conducting comprehensive studies to address the most important state task- creation of the system of aerospace defense of the Russian Federation, for the scientific support of the implementation of a unified military-technical policy in the field of aerospace defense, the formation of unified, balanced proposals in the State Armed Forces and State Defense Order;

How is it proposed to preserve the existing scientific schools of the NIITs (Moscow) and the NITs (Yubileiny), which are part of the Central Research Institute of the VVKO. A.F. Mozhaisky someone’s material or other selfish interests, including in terms of releasing the “excessive” part of the territory belonging to the Ministry of Defense in Moscow and Yubilein

It is obvious that the initiators of the proposed reform ignore the positive experience and practice of military construction in our state, and their proposals follow from conclusions that are understandable only to them.

Will it not turn out that after some time the leadership of the Ministry of Defense realizes the perniciousness decision, but actions to bring military science into the required structure at the research institutes will turn out to be irreversible for one reason or another. Any manipulations with military and defense structures should be carried out solely in the interests of the country's security, and not for the sake of bureaucratic interests.

A thorough objective study and analysis of the initiatives of the unnamed authors of the extreme "new" reforms of military science allows us to draw conclusions about the following series possible consequences sudden reformation of the recently created Central Research Institute of VVKO into the PMC (taking into account the nature and specifics of educational and scientific tasks):

Loss of the expensive infrastructure of the Central Research Institute of VVKO and its modern laboratory and testing complex; loss of unique scientific schools and qualified specialists in the field of construction of the East Kazakhstan region of the Russian Federation; destruction of the existing process of military-scientific support for the creation of the aerospace defense system of the Russian Federation, the development of AME aerospace defense, the restoration of which will require up to 10 years; a decrease in the quality and an increase in the timing of the implementation of the ongoing R & D and, as a result, an increase in the timing of the creation of the aerospace defense system of the Russian Federation by five to seven years.

In addition, the transfer of functions and tasks of the Research Center (Moscow) and the Research Center (Yubileiny) to the VKA them. A. F. Mozhaisky, taking into account the need to recreate in St. Petersburg a unique laboratory and modeling base and relevant scientific schools, the formation of scientific and industrial relations with industrial enterprises and the troops will require at least five years and the immediate allocation of additional funding in the amount of four to five billion rubles . But even with such costs, the risks of losing scientific schools, disrupting the deadlines for completing key R&D to create a system of aerospace defense do not decrease. This was proved, in particular, by the unsuccessful experience of transferring military-scientific support for a number of R&D to the scientific divisions of the A.F. Mozhaisky Air Force in 2009-2011. Problems associated with the lack of established scientific schools that have mastered the necessary methods and models, remoteness from the main developers of the AME aerospace defense, from the command posts of weapons systems of the aerospace defense troops, as well as the impossibility of training specialists in a number of key topics forced the leadership of the Russian Ministry of Defense to return military scientific support for these R&D to the relevant Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense.

Convinced from our own experience

At the end of the 80s, the question of the advisability of combining the Air Defense Forces (Tver, head of the academy, Colonel General Anatoly Khupenen) and the 2nd Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense (Tver, head of the institute, Lieutenant General Sergey Sapegin) was actively discussed. The conclusion reached by well-known scientists involved in the discussion, leaders of science, main and general designers of various ministries working for the defense of the country, turned out to be this: it is inappropriate to combine branches and areas of military science that are different in nature. A scientist-teacher and a scientist-researcher can and should complement each other in terms of helping the troops in the development of promising models of weapons and military equipment, the development of combat regulations and instructions.

In this regard, today it is more than strange the appearance in the transcript of the meeting of the Committee State Duma of the Russian Federation for Defense on October 23, 2014, the statements of the Chairman of the Military Scientific Committee of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Major General Stanislav Suvorov, in which he attributes to Colonel General Anatoly Hupenen the words about the advisability of including the 2nd Central Research Institute of the Russian Ministry of Defense in the Tver Academy.

Scientific research and practical experience prove that a serious and irremovable obstacle to obtaining positive result from the heavily promoted options for combining R&D and higher education institutions is that a scientist-researcher and a scientist-teacher are essentially different professions, often incompatible and certainly not interchangeable.

The solution of the tasks assigned to the Central Research Institute of VVKO is connected with forecasting for the long term (15-20 years). The teaching staff, formed on the basis of the concept of “teaching students what is necessary in war”, will need to themselves acquire new knowledge - the study of the laws and patterns of development and use of weapons and military equipment of the aerospace defense in accordance with the above tasks of the Central Research Institute of the aerospace defense. And for this, the teaching staff must themselves undergo training for research work. And that is not all.

TsNII VVKO is an institute specializing in the research of complex weapons systems and military equipment of the VKO. Practice shows that the training of a systemically erudite researcher, even if he gets into an established research team, takes about five years. The formation of a new team capable of effectively conducting comprehensive research and development (R&D) on the subject of the institute will require a longer time, since we are already talking about the loss of continuity, the loss of information links with military command and control bodies, developer specialists from research institutes, design bureaus and industrial organizations, specialists of spaceports, test sites, etc.

Carrying out reforms of the military-scientific complex, it is appropriate to use the experience of creating and establishing branches of the Armed Forces in our state. Instructive from this point of view are the memoirs of the first commander of missile defense and air defense, Colonel-General Yuri Votintsev, who, on the personal instructions of the commander-in-chief of the Air Defense Forces of the country, General of the Army Pavel Batitsky, was sent to NII-2 MO before taking up this position in order to understand what was to come. him to engage in the new type of troops being created. That is, the commander-in-chief of the new type of troops was sent by the commander-in-chief of the Air Defense Forces to study directly at NII-2 as the lead organization on the issues of RKO, and not at specific academies (VA PVO or VIRTA PVO). Thus, the commander-in-chief took into account the indisputable circumstance that the USSR had no experience in building types and branches of the Armed Forces without relying on R&D conducted by military research institutes. There is no such experience in the modern Russian state.

Undoubtedly, it is necessary to support the proposals of Vladimir Dvorkin, Vladimir Ostroukhov, Mikhail Bordyukov, set out on the pages of the newspaper “ Military Industrial Courier” (No. 31, 2014), on the need for responsible decisions in the implementation of the plan to create a promising military-scientific complex of the RF Armed Forces, namely:

Immediately stop the practice of ill-conceived reforms in the field of military science; as the requirements for the qualifications of specialists become more stringent, gradually solve the problems of integrating research and learning activities- precisely integration, and not the primitive inclusion of research and development organizations in the composition of universities as structural units; to resume and expand the practice of creating special independent commissions under the leadership of the country, the National Security Council and the Ministry of Defense to develop programs and decisions on the most important issues of military policy, including the reform of military science. Acting on the basis of broad and reliable information, they are able to develop alternative approaches to all security problems.

The task set by the President of the Russian Federation to create as soon as possible aerospace defense of the country requires an urgent solution of complex systemic problems relating to the competence of the Central Research Institute of VVKO, specially created in 2014. Its disbandment to present stage, the division into separate topics will lead to a disruption in the timing of the construction of the aerospace defense, the development of its technical basis, creating an integral system for authorizing the use of high-risk weapons, consolidating the capabilities of heterogeneous aerospace defense systems to ensure strategic stability and the possibility of timely use of strategic nuclear forces.

2nd Central Research Order October revolution Red Banner Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation ( 2 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation) - a scientific center for the development of the theory of weapons for air defense and aerospace defense of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, developing navigation instruments, control systems, guidance and orientation of ground, air and space-based vehicles. Located in Tver.

2nd Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (2 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation)

Former name	NII-2
Founded
Director	S. V. Yagolnikov
Location	Tver
Legal address	170042, Tver, emb. Afanasia Nikitina, 32
Awards

On December 1, 2010, the institute was attached to, as a structural unit, the Air Defense Research Center (Air Defense Research Center), on March 1, 2014 it became part of the Central Research Institute of Aerospace Defense being created.

Since 2004, the institute has been a research base on the issues of the unified air defense system of the CIS countries.

Story

The tasks of the Institute were set by the Ministry of Defense: a systematic approach to the study of the prospects for the development of air defense weapons, forms and methods of its combat use, air defense organizations of the country and Armed Forces, to actively participate in the design of air defense weapons, their testing, rearmament of troops on new technology; expand work in the field of forming the concept and scientific and technical doctrine of building the country's anti-space defense. Artillery Lieutenant General S. F. Nilovsky was appointed head of the institute, Ya. I. Tregub was appointed deputy head of the institute for research work.

The task of developing promising weapons was successfully solved, and a number of design bureaus began to implement a system for intercepting space targets. By 1962, a project for a reusable aerospace interception complex appeared, among its authors was O. A. Chembrovsky. Soon, in NII-2, in accordance with the order of the Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Air Defense, Marshal S. S. Biryuzov, an independent Office for Space Systems PKO under the leadership of O. A. Chembrovsky, which became the first anti-space defense unit in the USSR in the system of the Ministry of Defense.

The work carried out at NII-2 under the direction of Ya. I. Tregub, in Office for Space Systems PKO, allowed Soviet Union create a space control system (SKKP). One of the experiments in creating a system for long-range guidance of one space object to another was the double flight of cosmonauts A. G. Nikolaev and P. R. Popovich on August 12-15, 1962, during which the Nikolaev spacecraft (Vostok-3) served as a target, and Popovich's ship (Vostok-4) - interceptor.

Among the institute's developments are the invisibility systems for Su-27 and Tu-160 aircraft, participation in the development missile system"Iskander". In total, with the participation of the institute, 8 types of anti-aircraft missile systems, 10 types of fighter-interceptors, 32 control automation systems were put into service. Since 2004, it has been a research base on the issues of the unified air defense system of the CIS countries.

Activities

At the present stage of development, the main activities of the institute are: development and improvement of a new generation of submicrominiature devices using the technology of signal generation by ferromagnets: navigation devices, control systems, guidance and orientation of microminiature ground, air and space-based vehicles; facility security systems Vehicle, communication systems, computer networks; automatic microminiature means of control, protection, signaling and surveillance, endowed with elements of artificial intelligence.

The test site of the center is used to develop stealth systems

Another reform of military science: a steep dive or the ambitions of military officials

Within ten years, the strongest foreign states will receive fundamentally new hypersonic and aerospace aircraft, reconnaissance and strike drones based on new physical principles. There will be an integration of reconnaissance, communications, navigation and control into a single system. The enemy will be able to deliver time-coordinated high-precision strikes against almost all targets.

In April 2006, the President of the Russian Federation - Supreme Commander-in-Chief approved the Aerospace Defense Concept. “... special attention should be paid to strengthening the country's aerospace defense, to combine the existing systems of air and anti-space defense, missile attack warning and control of outer space. They must operate under the unified control of the strategic command.” Such a task was set in the presidential Address in October 2010.

In June 2013, Vladimir Putin clearly defined the role of the aerospace defense system being created: "An effective aerospace defense is a guarantee of the stability of our strategic deterrence forces, covering the country's territory from aerospace attack weapons." The President clearly set the priorities for the development of the Russian army, putting forward aerospace defense as one of the first places: “We must not allow an imbalance in the strategic deterrence system, a decrease in the effectiveness of our nuclear forces. Therefore, the creation of aerospace defense will continue to be one of the key areas of military construction."

Assignee of the 2nd, 45th and 50th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense

The creation of the Central Research Institute of VVKO is consistent with plans to develop a promising military-scientific complex, the contours of which were outlined by the Chief of the General Staff of the RF Armed Forces - First Deputy Minister of Defense Army General Valery Gerasimov at the scientific and practical conference "Russian Military Security: XXI Century" on February 14, 2013. In his speech, the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation emphasized the role of applied and practical science, which provides testing of weapons and military equipment, scientific support for their operation, modernization and disposal. He called for striving to ensure that the theory of organizational development of the Armed Forces would correspond as much as possible to the prospects for the development of the character of wars and armed struggle as a whole. This idea was developed by the Chief of the General Staff in a report at the general meeting of the Academy of Military Sciences on February 25, 2014, which noted: “The military scientific complex is designed to provide a justification for the directions of construction and development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and a preliminary scientific study of the military-political decisions being made.” Consequently, the creation of the Central Research Institute of VVKO can be viewed as the result of the phased implementation of plans for the implementation of a promising military-scientific complex of the RF Armed Forces, correlated with the tasks formulated in the Aerospace Defense Concept in terms of the sound formation of military-technical policy.

The birth of the Central Research Institute of VVKO, as well as other R&D in the Armed Forces of our state, was a natural stage in the development of the military science of air defense (VKO), as evidenced by all the experience preceding the direct construction of modern aerospace defense.

To accomplish these tasks, it was necessary to carry out a complex of research and experimental work carried out by specialized scientific organizations to justify the requirements for the sample specified in the TTZ and to develop technologies that ensure their implementation. Therefore, the top management decides to create specific research institutes. In the Air Defense Forces, military science took shape organizationally in 1957 through the unification of disparate scientific units of the armed forces and test sites into the first in the USSR Armed Forces a single integrated research institute for the type of aircraft - NII-2 Air Defense, subsequently - the 2nd Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, and now - Research Center (Tver city) Central Research Institute of Troops of the East Kazakhstan Defense Ministry of Russia. The research works carried out by NII-2 Air Defense in 1959-1961 gave scientifically based recommendations on ensuring the security of our state in the conditions of the use of nuclear missile weapons based on the creation of means in the structure of the Air Defense Forces, united in missile attack warning systems (SPRN), anti-missile defense ( missile defense), anti-space defense (PKO) and control of outer space (SCP). The formation of the key components of the aerospace defense system was carried out within the framework of the Air Defense Forces of the country as a branch of the Armed Forces, relying precisely on research institutes. Since April 1967, as part of the Air Defense Forces, there has been a new branch of the troops - the Anti-Missile and Anti-Space Defense Forces, and later, with the inclusion of troops and a missile attack warning system, they were merged into the Missile and Space Defense Forces (VRKO).

By the end of the 70s - the beginning of the 80s of the last century, information and fire weapons and systems were created as part of the Air Defense Forces of the country, capable of combating almost all existing types of attack weapons operating in air and outer space. The range of tasks solved by the Air Defense Forces was no longer limited to the fight against an air enemy. In fact, now there was every reason to raise the issue of renaming the Air Defense Forces into the Aerospace Defense Forces.

The main tasks of the institute, which has the status of the parent organization in the system design of the created aerospace defense system and its elements, are:

Studies of the problems of building the RF Armed Forces (in terms of the forces and means of the aerospace defense), substantiation of their composition, structure, formation and use of groupings of troops (forces) of the aerospace defense of the country and the armed forces and the unified air defense system of the CIS;
- comprehensive studies of the prospects for the development of means of aerospace attack by foreign states, forms and methods of their use;
-comprehensive studies of the main directions of development of armaments and military equipment, development of proposals for the State Armament Program (SAP) and the State Defense Order (SDO) in terms of aerospace defense and space weapons;
- military-scientific support of research and development work carried out within the framework of the State Defense Order in the interests of the Aerospace Defense of the Russian Federation and space weapons.

Under the leadership of the command of the Aerospace Defense Forces, the institute closely cooperates with the highest bodies of state and military administration, committees of ministers of defense and chiefs of staff of the armed forces of the CIS member states, the National Research University of the Ministry of Defense, military higher educational institutions (higher education institutions), design bureaus and industrial organizations, spaceports and state training grounds.

Passion for irreversible change

The main activities for the creation of the Central Research Institute of VVKO have been completed. The Institute has been formed and fulfills the tasks for its intended purpose. At the same time, in August-September 2014, that is, just a few months after the creation of the Central Research Institute of VVKO, the Ministry of Defense began to work out options for reforming the institute into educational and scientific complexes (ESC). For the most part, the disastrous consequences of the reform of military science, initiated during the time of the former Minister of Defense Anatoly Serdyukov, which consisted in the creation of the so-called military training scientific centers (VUNTS), have not yet been realized for the most part, when a new idea arose - the creation of the PMC. According to the idea of the “neo-reformers”, it is expedient to rebuild the Central Research Institute of Higher and Higher Industrial Areas under the banner of integrating higher education institutions and research and educational establishments: merging the Research Center (Tver) with the VA East Kazakhstan region (Tver) on a territorial basis, in fact - the liquidation of the Research Center (Moscow) and the Research Center (Yubileiny) by means of redeployment and transfer of their functions and tasks of the A.F. Mozhaisky Military Space Academy (St. Petersburg).

What determines the need to disband the Central Research Institute of VVKO, created a few months ago?

Who carried out the military-economic justification for the expediency of disbanding the Central Research Institute of VVKO and what is the cost of carrying out measures to reform it, taking into account the transfer (creation in a new location) of the unique laboratory and test base available at the institute?

What effect is achieved by merging the institute and higher educational institutions, on what are the assessments of the possibility of an effective integrated solution of the tasks assigned to the Research and Development Center (Moscow) and the Research Center (Yubileiny) of the Military Space Academy. A. F. Mozhaisky?

Who will be personally responsible for conducting comprehensive research to solve the most important state task - the creation of a system of aerospace defense of the Russian Federation, for scientific support for the implementation of a unified military-technical policy in the field of aerospace defense, the formation of unified, balanced proposals in the SAP and the State Defense Order?

How is it proposed to preserve the existing scientific schools of the NIITs (Moscow) and the NITs (Yubileiny), which are part of the Central Research Institute of VVKO? Does the relocation of the centers and the transfer of their functions and tasks to the VKA them. A.F. Mozhaisky someone's material or other selfish interests, including in terms of releasing the "excessive" part of the territory belonging to the Ministry of Defense in Moscow and Yubileiny?

Will it not turn out that after some time the leadership of the Ministry of Defense will realize the perniciousness of the decision taken, but the actions to bring military science into the required structure at the research institute will turn out to be irreversible for one reason or another? Any manipulations with the military and defense structures should be carried out solely in the interests of the country's security, and not for the sake of bureaucratic interests.

A thorough objective study and analysis of the initiatives of the unnamed authors of the extreme "new" reforms of military science allows us to draw conclusions about the following number of possible consequences of the sudden reformation of the recently created Central Research Institute of VVKO into the POC (taking into account the nature and specifics of educational and scientific tasks):

Loss of the expensive infrastructure of the Central Research Institute of VVKO and its modern laboratory and testing complex;
- loss of unique scientific schools and qualified specialists in the field of construction of the East Kazakhstan region of the Russian Federation;
- destruction of the existing process of military-scientific support for the creation of the aerospace defense system of the Russian Federation, the development of AME aerospace defense, the restoration of which will require up to 10 years;
- a decrease in the quality and an increase in the timing of the ongoing R&D and, as a result, an increase in the time frame for creating the aerospace defense system of the Russian Federation by five to seven years.

In addition, the transfer of functions and tasks of the Research Center (Moscow) and the Research Center (Yubileiny) to the VKA them. A. F. Mozhaisky, taking into account the need to recreate in St. Petersburg a unique laboratory and modeling base and relevant scientific schools, the formation of scientific and industrial relations with industrial enterprises and the troops will require at least five years and the immediate allocation of additional funding in the amount of four to five billion rubles . But even with such costs, the risks of losing scientific schools, disrupting the deadlines for completing key R&D to create a system of aerospace defense do not decrease. This was proved, in particular, by the unsuccessful experience of transferring military-scientific support for a number of R&D to the scientific units of the A.F. Mozhaisky Military Space Academy in 2009-2011. Problems associated with the lack of established scientific schools that have mastered the necessary methods and models, remoteness from the main developers of the AME aerospace defense, from the command posts of weapons systems of the aerospace defense troops, as well as the impossibility of training specialists in a number of key topics forced the leadership of the Russian Ministry of Defense to return military scientific support for these R&D to the relevant Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense.

Convinced from our own experience

At the end of the 80s, the question of the advisability of combining the Air Defense Forces (Tver, head of the academy, Colonel General Anatoly Khupenen) and the 2nd Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense (Tver, head of the institute, Lieutenant General Sergey Sapegin) was actively discussed. The conclusion reached by well-known scientists involved in the discussion, leaders of science, chief and general designers of various ministries working for the defense of the country, turned out to be this: it is inappropriate to combine branches and areas of military science that are different in nature. A scientist-educator and a scientist-researcher can and should complement each other in terms of helping the troops master advanced models of weapons and military equipment, and developing combat manuals and manuals.

In this regard, today it is more than strange that in the transcript of the meeting of the Defense Committee of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of October 23, 2014, the statement of the Chairman of the Military Scientific Committee of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Major General Stanislav Suvorov, in which he attributes to Colonel General Anatoly Hupenen the words about the advisability of including 2 th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of Russia to the Tver Academy.

Scientific research and practical experience prove that a serious and unremovable obstacle to obtaining a positive result from the heavily promoted options for combining R&D and higher education institutions is that a scientist-researcher and a scientist-teacher are essentially different professions, often incompatible and, of course, not interchangeable.

The solution of the tasks assigned to the Central Research Institute of VVKO is associated with forecasting for the long term (15–20 years). The teaching staff, formed on the basis of the concept of “teaching students what is needed in a war,” will need to themselves acquire new knowledge - the study of the laws and patterns of development and use of weapons and military equipment in accordance with the above tasks of the Central Research Institute of VVKO. And for this, the teaching staff must themselves undergo training for research work. And that is not all.

Undoubtedly, we should support the proposals of Vladimir Dvorkin, Vladimir Ostroukhov, Mikhail Bordyukov, set out on the pages of the newspaper "Military-Industrial Courier" (No. 31, 2014), on the need for responsible decisions in the implementation of the plan for creating a promising military-scientific complex of the RF Armed Forces, namely:

Immediately stop the practice of ill-conceived reforms in the field of military science;
- as the requirements for the qualification of specialists become more stringent, gradually solve the problems of integrating research and educational activities - namely, integration, and not the primitive inclusion of R&D in universities as structural units;
- to resume and expand the practice of creating special independent commissions under the leadership of the country, the National Security Council and the Ministry of Defense to develop programs and decisions on the most important issues of military policy, including the reform of military science. Acting on the basis of broad and reliable information, they are able to develop alternative approaches to all security problems.

The task set by the President of the Russian Federation to create the country's aerospace defense as soon as possible requires an urgent solution to complex systemic problems that fall within the competence of the Central Research Institute of VVKO, specially created in 2014. Its disbandment at the present stage, division into separate topics will lead to a disruption in the construction of the aerospace defense, the development of its technical basis, the creation of an integral system for authorizing the use of weapons of increased danger, the consolidation of the capabilities of heterogeneous aerospace defense systems to ensure strategic stability and the possibility of timely use of strategic nuclear forces.