Primorye animals. The Red Book of the Primorsky Territory - a list of rare and endangered animals, plants and fungi. What is the smallest ungulate in Primorye

The nature of Primorsky Krai is rich and beautiful! It fascinates with its beauty and wealth of tourists in different times of the year. The features of the nature of Primorsky Krai, which we briefly describe in today's article, really deserve attention.

Nature needs to be known

At present, people have practically ceased to be interested in the beauty of nature. They are easier to distinguish between gadgets than birds or trees. This is not very good, because nature is our everything.

The nature of Primorsky Krai is unique, it is under protection. There are many monuments created without human assistance. Animal world and the plant world is rich here. Primorsky Krai is also the only place on the planet where a glacier did not make its way in ancient times.

The uniqueness of Primorye

The nature of the Primorsky Territory has preserved since ancient times many species of plants and animals, which at present can no longer be found anywhere else.

All corners of Primorye are picturesque and beautiful. Quiet and warm rivers at one moment fall like a waterfall from weighty rocks, steppes change into impenetrable taiga, and plains into mountains.

There are places here from where both the taiga and the sea surface open up to the eye, from the mountains you can see all directions of the world.

People from all over the world come to Primorsky Krai to be alone with nature for a few days, to take a break from the hustle and bustle of cities.

Fauna of Primorsky Krai

The diversity of nature in Primorsky Krai will be appreciated by true animal lovers. Only here is found such a beautiful and dangerous predator An ordinary tourist will not be able to meet this animal, as a striped cat hides from people in the impenetrable forests of the taiga. Tigers are very afraid of humans, because it was we who caused their low population, the extinction of the species.

Black and brown bears are the real kings of the seaside wildlife. In the forests there is a high probability of meeting with this beast, therefore, without a guide, you should not go too far into the bears' possessions, and in no case should you go off the path.

The diversity of the nature of Primorsky Krai is extended to herbivores, rodents and snakes: many squirrels can be seen in the crowns of trees, there are mice, hedgehogs. One of the most poisonous snakes- Ussuri muzzle. She lives in the rocky areas of the mountains.

In the swamps, which are closer to the settlements of people, the heron is found. This beautiful bird will never be touched by the locals, and tourists are strictly warned about the responsibility for every creature Primorye.

In the rivers of Primorye, from May to the very ice, chum salmon, pink salmon and sim are splashing. AT last years because of the clearing of the taiga, the rivers were greatly crushed, so there are fewer and fewer "pedigreed" fish.

Flora of Primorye

The vegetation of Primorsky Krai is a lot of plants listed in the Red Book. Some of the species grow only here, so you should be aware of all the responsibility for the life of the whole species, picking another flower into a bouquet. It is better to admire nature, and not try to make a herbarium for yourself as a keepsake. Keep memories and emotions in photos.

Schisandra chinensis and eleutherococcus, the world-famous ginseng root, is a treasure of these places. The nature of the Primorsky Territory has given people a lot of medicinal plants, one has only to use these gifts correctly.

The trees here are also diverse: broad-leaved oaks, birches, alders are found at the low level of the forest. It is worth climbing a little higher into the mountains - and you will find yourself in mixed forest. On the very upper section, coniferous possessions begin: fir, larch, spruce and cedar - long-livers of the taiga.

Minerals

The Sikhote-Alin Range is a real jewelry box. There is tungsten, tin, zinc and gold.

Early fifties previous century here stood a gold mining and processing gold sand dredge. This metal was mined for several years, until the management decided that mining was too expensive and shut down production.

On the this moment these are abandoned places in which there is a large number of gold veins.

Natural monuments of Primorsky Krai

Since 1974, 214 natural monuments have been created in the region, and 94 are awaiting government approval. Unfortunately, it is impossible to describe each of the monuments in the size of one article. Consider the most excellent places where every tourist should go.

Those who come to get acquainted with the nature of Primorye are advised to definitely visit the Chandalaz ridge. Its age exceeds all expectations - more than one hundred and fifty million years! The bones of ancient animals were found here. If you love ancient places, then be sure to visit this ridge.

Lotus lakes, located in the Khanka region, will amaze anyone with their beauty. The nature of the Primorsky Territory will not leave people indifferent, revealing to them the water reflection of Schreber. There is also a wide variety of mollusks, including unique ones.

The Sikhote-Alin meteorite craters, the Brother and Sister mountains, Zarod, which have no analogues in the whole world, these places also have scientific historical value, because thanks to them, scientists can accurately determine the origin and history of the entire Primorye.

Features of the nature of Primorsky Krai are a lot of waterfalls: Bolshoi Aminsky, Milogradovsky, Shkotovsky, Yelamovsky, Arsenevsky and many others.

A large number of crystal clear lakes and caves are the pride of Primorye. Of particular note is the unique beauty of the cave: Sleeping Beauty, Spasskaya, Geographical Society.

The nature of Primorsky Krai is truly beautiful and rich. To save this gem, we all have to work hard. After all, it is always easier to destroy than to build and protect.

The earth speaks to us in the language of sounds, colors, smells. The voices of countless lives come from all directions. Loud and already barely perceptible, but always exciting and calling, and every silenced voice is a great loss: the general chorus of life without it sounds weaker and quieter. The abundance and diversity of life in nature is the best indicator of her and our well-being. Responsive silence of the fields, secret forest jungles are infused, forests, steppes, mountains, seas are overflowing with life - and all is well! Open your eyes and the beauty of the earth will flood into you with waterfalls of colors. It is everywhere: around, overhead, underfoot. In the flight of a beast, in the flight of a bird, in the game of a fish. All living things are saturated with poetry and beauty. And we can all see and feel it, now, always, forever and ever..

Amur tiger longhair - the largest among tigers, agile, very strong and hardy cat with yellowish-buff long fur - constantly wanders in pursuit of wild boars, red deer and roe deer. Unlike other cats, it swims well and bathes willingly. This representative of tropical nature has adapted well to our harsh winters.The weight of the predator reaches 380 kg . Among the animals, the tiger has no enemies. Only a huge brown bear can compete with a tiger in strength. Fights between them sometimes end tragically for the tiger. The number of tigers in our region has greatly decreased, and hunting for them is prohibited. Sometimes only young tigers are captured for zoos.

East Asian leopard an animal with beautiful golden-yellow fur with intense black spots. It has such a high running speed that it hunts various ungulates. This bird climbs trees perfectly and, sprawling on a tree trunk, rushes from above to prey.

Amur forest cat - nocturnal predator feeding on rodents and small birds.

raccoon dog loves flat, meadow, swampy spaces with copses of broad-leaved species and with the proximity of the hearth. The food is extremely diverse - mouse-like rodents, fish, frogs and snakes, small birds, nuts, fruits of vines. It has valuable, beautiful, durable and warm fur, so it is almost exterminated. It leads a nocturnal lifestyle, hibernates for the winter (December-January).

Black, or Himalayan bear inferior to the brown bear in size. He has black shiny thick fur and only on the chest and at the end of the lower jaw are white spots. The black bear feeds mainly on acorns, nuts, and berries. Excellent tree climber and lies on hibernation in the hollows of the trees.

sika deer , young non-ossified antlers of which - antlers - are successfully used in medicine, feed on herbs, grape leaves, lespedezia in summer, switch to tree food in winter. red deer - large deer from the group of marals, whose antlers are also highly valued. From their Siberian relatives (marals)differ in somewhat smaller sizes and a more simplified structure of the horns in males. Hornsdiscarded annually. Young antlers, like the antlers of the spotted deer, are used to prepare the medical preparation pantocrine.

East Asian boar - large, up to 300 kg in weight, the most important game animal. It lives in the valleys of mountain rivers, where it feeds on roots and ground parts of grasses in summer. In autumn, it migrates to oak forests, if there is a supply of acorns. In winter, it switches to eating pine nuts.

Goral or Amur chamois - a relic animal that lives in the mountains on steep rocky cliffs and rocks with areas of broad-leaved forest.

Shokiya exceptional

The number is very low. Found in mountain cedar forests deciduous forests southern and middle parts of the ridge. Sikhote-Alin at an altitude of 600-800 m, sometimes up to 1000 m above sea level. Butterflies are more often confined to the upper reaches of mountain springs. Summer occurs from late July to early September. Butterflies are sedentary, but make daily migrations: in the morning they stay in the crowns of trees, and later, they fly down. The caterpillars feed on the needles of the Korean cedar (Pinups koraiensis). The female lays eggs one by one on needles on cedars different ages no higher than the middle part of the crown. Caterpillars come out 10-11 days after laying eggs, active in the evening and at night. Caterpillars hibernate on branches of cedar. From the beginning of April to the beginning - the middle of June, they finish their development and pupate. The pupa develops within 19 days. It is recommended that the species be included in the lists of specially protected natural monuments. Ussuri Nature Reserve and a widespread ban on catching butterflies.

Mongolian Sericin

Lives in the south of Primorsky Krai. The number is very low. It occurs mainly in riverine biotopes, usually on the slopes of river terraces in places of growth of the herbaceous twisted kirkazon (Aristolochia contorta), a fodder plant for caterpillars. Butterflies give two generations during the season and fly from mid-May to late August. The first generation is small. Slow flying sericite males are quite common in the areas where the kirkazon grows. The females lay their eggs in groups on the underside of the kirkazon leaves. Caterpillars meet in June, at the end of August - September.
It is recommended to ban economic use and insecticide treatment of the slopes of riverine terraces in the habitats of sericin, as well as to introduce a complete ban on trapping butterflies and collecting caterpillars,

Alkina

It lives in the southwest of Primorye. Not known in other union republics. The number is very low. It occurs in mountain black-fir-broad-leaved forests of the southern type, in those areas along rivers and streams where the fodder plant of caterpillars grows - a woody liana - Manchurian kirkazon. Butterflies give two generations, fly from late May to August. Representatives of the second generation are smaller. Butterflies fly slowly, and females often sit in the grass. Males willingly visit the flowers of kirkazon and spend most of their time in the crowns of trees, where the liana blooms profusely. The females lay their eggs on the leaves of the kirkazon. Outside of Russia, caterpillars, in addition to kirkazon, are found on the Colombo plant.

mother-of-pearl zenobia

Lives in the south of Primorsky Krai. The number is very low. Occurs on rocks and stony outcrops in mixed and broad-leaved forests up to 600-700 m above sea level.

Butterflies fly from mid-July to early September, which coincides with the flowering of the snakehead multicolor, on the flowers of which they usually feed. Males expel other species of mother-of-pearl from their territory. fodder plant caterpillars - motley violet - a narrow-local view. Females lay eggs one at a time, less often two or three on a host plant or next to it. After 13-15 days, caterpillars emerge from the eggs, which usually sit on the lower surface of the leaves and on the petioles. In mid-October and early November, the caterpillars leave for the winter and wake up in early April. Pupation takes place in mid-June.

Pigeon scarecrow.

Lives in the south of Primorye. The number is very low. Not studied. The species probably forms a few local populations. Known finds come from valley broad-leaved forests. Currently not protected.

It is recommended to study the biology of the species in order to identify factors limiting its abundance and distribution. It is advisable to include the species in the lists of specially protected natural objects of the Kedrovaya Pad Reserve and introduce a complete ban on trapping.

Far Eastern skink.

It is found in some areas of Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories. The Far Eastern skink on Kunashir Island is confined to oak groves, the outskirts of coniferous forests, and sandy slopes with sparse vegetation. On the mainland, it is found among the rocks along the seashore. It feeds on spiders, centipedes, and insects.

Ussuri clawed newt.

It lives in the south of Khabarovsk and in the Primorsky Territory. Inhabits clean mountain streams with pebbly or overhanging banks, usually heavily taiga forest. It lives in water or under mossy rocks near the water. Active at night. Reproduction stretches from late April to August. Females lay paired egg marks with 5-7 eggs in each larva and appear in early July. Puberty occurs in the third or fourth year. Preservation habitat, the prohibition of catching animals was recently adopted for protection.

Dikusha.

Lives in the south of Primorsky Krai. Significant seasonal vertical movements are characteristic of the wild grouse: in summer the birds rise to the mountains up to the belt of Siberian cedars, and in winter they gather along the ravines overgrown with dark coniferous taiga. The total number is unknown. The attachment of wild grouse to local areas of the dark coniferous taiga makes it severely dependent on their condition. The impossibility of existence outside the spruce-fir plantations, in the event of their cutting down or burning out, leads to the complete disappearance of the bird. Breeding success of the species is influenced by various factors, especially cold rainy days during the period of nesting and hatching of chicks. Among the limiting factors, one should also include the conspicuous "gullibility" of wild grouse - the ability to hide very tightly on open branches. This is a feature of behavior that allows you to get close to the bird. in modern conditions leads to the complete destruction of undeveloped territories. Within the range of wild grouse there are five reserves. Shooting it is prohibited everywhere. However, it should be noted that the measures taken do not allow to stabilize the population of the species. To confirm the number of wild grouse at an optimal level, it is necessary to preserve its habitats. The areas where this bird still remains should be taken under strict protection.

scaly merganser

It occurs along almost all rivers flowing from both slopes of the Sikhote-Alin. On the eastern slope, it is known in the basin of the Kievka, Avvakumovka, Kema, and Samarga rivers. On the western slope it nests along the river, the big Ussurka is common on the Bikin river. At present, the abundance of the species is unknown, but over the past 15-20 years it has noticeably decreased, at least in the Sikhote-Alin rivers. The appearance of motor boats has increased poaching, as they can quickly overtake the fleeing brood, which was previously easily hidden from rowing boats. It is very important to cut down the valley forests rich in hollow trees where they are cut down and the banks become open, scaly mergansers stop nesting. The hunting of merganser is prohibited, but this ban is not effective enough, because hunters do not distinguish between scaly merganser and large merganser badly. Therefore, on the nesting sites of the first species, shooting of both species should be prohibited. Nesting populations of the scaly merganser are protected in the Sikhote-Alin Reserve.

White-breasted or Himalayan bear.

Inhabits the coastal region and southern regions Khabarovsk Territory. The northern border of the range of the white-breasted bear begins on the coast of the Japanese sea, goes to the south-west, crosses the Sikhote-Alin at the headwaters of the Samarga River. Further, the boundary goes north through the middle course of the chorus. In the Sikhote-Alin in the summer, the bear is found in all plant associations. Places of winter location of bears can be outlined by isohypse: 200-800 meters above sea level. Wintering areas are concentrated in areas whose centers are massive watersheds. The white-breasted bear is very sensitive to the consequences of human activities and hunting. And that put him in a difficult position right now. Clearing of primary forests, especially cedar-broad-leaved, and Forest fires deprive white-breasted bears of their main habitats. Since 1975, licensed hunting for the white-breasted bear has been introduced in the Primorsky Territory.

Amur forest cat

The range of the species includes most of Primorsky Krai. The Amur forest cat is more common in rarefied broad-leaved forests, less often in cedar-broad-leaved forests, preferring deaf pads in bushy river valleys. Avoids dark coniferous taiga. Systematic observations of the abundance of the Amur forest cat on large areas was not carried out. The Amur cat is not adapted to life in snowy areas, primarily because of the inability to give the main food in these conditions - mouse-like rodents. In recent years, the reduction of areas of natural habitats has been intensifying due to the cutting down of shrubs, plowing of virgin lands with tall grass and burning bells. To save the Amur forest cat, in addition to a complete ban on fishing and the fight against accidental capture, extensive explanatory work is needed among the population, and especially among hunters, about the significance of this predator as an exterminator of harmful rodents.

Primorsky Krai is distinguished by flora and fauna, which successfully combines the features of southern and northern nature.

The Sikhote-Alin mountains are a natural barrier on the way air masses and create special climatic conditions in the region. The Sea of ​​Japan moderates the climate in the coastal zone. The unique nature needs to be protected, because it is thanks to the environmental measures taken today that you can buy crab meat not only in the region, but also in all cities of the country.

On the territory of Primorye, there are six nature reserves and 13 sanctuaries. Some of them have access to the sea coast, and one is a completely marine reserve.

Fauna of the Primorsky Territory In terms of the diversity of the animal world on the territory of Russia, there is hardly a territory that can be compared with Primorye.

About 180 species of fish can be found in the Sea of ​​Japan:

Salmon;
flounder;
greenling perch;
herring.

AT winter period most of the population goes out on the ice to fish for smelt, which is different strong smell fresh cucumbers. It is this small fish that is good both fried and dried.

From mid-summer until autumn, Pacific salmon enter the coastal rivers, spawning only once in a lifetime.

Fish such as chum come into the rivers from the sea and rise upstream, where spawning takes place. Males acquire mating coloration at this time.

Scattering eggs, both females and males die. It is the ability to return to their birthplace for a single spawning life that distinguishes Pacific salmon from Atlantic salmon, which can spawn multiple times.

Many coastal fish commercial species, which, together with some invertebrates, enter the store shelves. For example, all guests of the region got the opportunity to freely buy crab meat, which is mined in Primorye.

From invertebrates coastal waters settle;
trepangs;
crabs;
shrimps;
sea ​​urchins;
octopuses;
squid.

Of course, all these animals have the right to be treated with respect, but I would like to say separately about Doflein's giant octopus. This mollusk is distinguished not only by its large size, you can meet octopuses weighing from 15 to 60 kg, but also by high intelligence. The animal willingly communicates with divers and can become an attractive object for the development of underwater tourism, attract diving enthusiasts to the region.

Today, Doflein's octopuses are ruthlessly destroyed, especially during periods when they accumulate in shallow water. If not formally submitted giant octopus in the Red Book Amur tiger and Far Eastern leopard, the animal will simply disappear.

After all, once the king crab was subjected to mass extermination and it became impossible to buy king crab claws in Primorye, not to mention sending them to other regions.

13 species of sharks live in the sea near the coast of Primorye, but only three species pose a danger to the life of bathers:

White:
blue - blue;
hammer.

And although the likelihood of meeting with formidable animals tends to zero, a few years ago there were cases when several swimmers suffered from the attack of a great white shark.

But huge jellyfish, reaching a diameter of one meter, should not be afraid, their poison only affects fish, but the jellyfish themselves can easily become an object of prey, as they are delicacies in Japan and China. Their meat is very popular with gourmets from these countries.

In the fish markets of Japan, you can find not only huge jellyfish, but also buy Russian-caught crab meat.

In addition to fish and invertebrates, quite rare animals live in coastal waters. marine mammals:

featherless Harbour porpoise,

Highly interesting representative cetaceans,

The animal is slow, and its cubs very often travel on the backs of their parents;
some species of whales whose populations were reduced to a critical minimum during the years of uncontrolled mining.

In the coastal zone, divers can also meet with pinnipeds:
spotted seal;
sea ​​lion;
bearded seal or sea hare.

All these and other representatives of the marine and coastal fauna can attract tourists to the region, who can not only see these wonderful animals, but also buy crab meat and taste this delicacy in coastal cafes.

In the future, the region should become attractive for Russian and foreign divers, they will be able to dive up to 40 meters in the most picturesque places.

Divers will not only enjoy exploring the underwater world of the Sea of ​​Japan, but also, leaving the region, will be able to take away vivid impressions of underwater world Sea of ​​Japan.

In addition to large land animals such as tiger, red deer, bear, smaller, but no less interesting mammals are found on the territory of the region.

The Amur forest cat, a subspecies of the Bengal cat, is the third wild feline, after the tiger and leopard, which lives in the region and needs protection. It feeds on small rodents, but can attack a hare and even a roe deer - a small wild deer.

Remarkable reptiles also live in Primorye, these are:
Amur snake, there are specimens both multi-colored and almost black, up to 2 m in size;
Far Eastern freshwater tortoise lives on Lake Khanka and in some rivers.

Considering the position of the region bordering with China, there are many tourists from this country on its territory, and many local reptiles and amphibians are considered a delicacy by the Chinese and are bought from local producers.

Most people who have the opportunity to buy crab meat from seaside shores live in central regions countries have never even heard of such an animal as the Japanese mohera, a small insectivorous mole, which also belongs to rare species.

The fauna of Primorye is represented by 15 species of bats, most of which are:

Small tube-nosed;
brown earflaps;
eastern bat,
fell into the category of endangered animals.

These bats were destroyed more out of superstitious ideas, because there is no value and danger to humans the bats do not represent active image they lead their lives in the warm season at dusk. The objects of hunting of bats are mainly insects.

But artiodactyl animals of Primorye, especially sika deer, red deer, coastal subspecies of red deer, musk deer are objects of hunting, including poaching. The most rare of the ungulates was the Amur goral.

There are a large number of people who want to buy the meat of wild ungulates, as well as buy a crab, which leads to a decrease in the population, while the food supply for predatory animals, tiger, leopard, and red wolf is also reduced. Ussuri boars - billhooks, whose weight exceeded 300 kg, also became rare.

Noteworthy are the insects of the Primorsky Territory, the body length of the Ussuri relic woodcutter is 8-10 cm, next to it you can also meet the celestial barbel. These beetles, representatives of arthropods, fall distant relatives seaside crabs, everyone can buy king crab claws, not only in Primorye, but also outside it.

Among the birds, it is worth noting the unusually elegant mandarin duck, which, perhaps, is not equal in terms of brightness of plumage. seaside forests.
The Japanese crane also deserves attention, it creates a pair once and for the rest of its bird life.
The seaside land is distinguished not only by its diverse fauna, but also by the richest flora.

Fauna of Primorye

The flora of Primorsky Krai has a huge number of plants that have medicinal and useful properties. Many of them are prepared either as medicinal plants or as edible.

First of all, bracken fern is harvested in the region, it is also popular not only among the inhabitants of the region, everyone who comes to the region can buy dried bracken fern, as well as buy the limbs of a king crab. From it, local Koreans prepare a huge variety of cold and hot dishes.

Osmund fern, although inferior to bracken in palatability, but also harvested for food. Uncontrolled extraction of these plants causes a decrease in their number in the forests of Primorye.
Plants such as:

Lemongrass Chinese;
aralia;
eleutherococcus,

are recognized as powerful immune agents, as well as the legendary ginseng. Today, the coastal population of ginseng is the only place on earth where this plant is found often enough for natural renewal.

Now the agricultural technique of breeding and growing ginseng in artificial conditions has been mastered, most often just such ginseng can be bought outside the region, but you can buy a crab not artificially grown, but the real one, caught off the coast of the region.

Separately, it is worth mentioning algae, they belong to lower plants and many of them are widely used by humans. In Primorsky Krai commercial production kelp, from which the usual salad called sea kale is prepared and anfeltia is extracted, it is the raw material for agar - agar.

Irrational production annually reduces the stocks of these algae and, perhaps, soon it will be as difficult to buy seaweed salad as it was once impossible to buy the limbs of a king crab. In addition, algae have great importance for the biology of the crab, it is among the bottom vegetation that crab fry hide during the first years of life. Over the past 30 - 35 years, stocks of kelp have decreased by 15 times.

Many plants are relict and they are a real living treasure of the seaside land.

Lotus Komarov - the most cold-resistant lotus on earth. The massive lotus bloom is a spectacle whose beauty is universally recognized. The hills covered with rhododendron bushes are also beautiful, in the spring, when there is still no foliage on the neighboring bushes, the slopes are shrouded in a gentle purple mist - this is the rhododendron blooming, it is not for nothing that it is called the beauty of spring. If the branches of rhododendron are cut off at the end of winter and put into water, then they bloom their unusual flowers very quickly.

The spiky yew is a plant whose ancestors grew during the time of the dinosaurs. Yew, which grows today in the region, looks the same as its most ancient ancestors more than 200 million years old.

Very often, trees in the Primorsky taiga are intertwined with lianas, as in tropical forests, besides Chinese magnolia vine, three types of actinidia grow here, wild grapes and the most powerful liana - Manchurian chirkazon, more than 15 m high. The leaves of this liana are very large, up to 35 cm, heart-shaped, with long petioles and look like leaves of tropical lianas, and flowers have a very bizarre curved jug shape. The fruits of the kirkazon are similar to cucumbers.

There are many legends about the Rhodiola rosea plant, they say that the one who found this flower in the taiga will be healthy until the end of his days, but you can’t buy or sell the plant, you just need to find it, but anyone can buy a crab.

Of interest are such deciduous trees as:
ash, with valuable timber;
Amur velvet, with cork bark;
Manchurian walnut, the fruits of which are prescribed miraculous properties.
Coniferous trees presented:
firs;
larch;
junipers;
pines;
firs.

Korean cedar pine deserves special attention, which is simply called cedar. All those who come to the region can buy crab and pine nuts, which, according to taste and useful qualities just as good as crab meat.

AT recent decades harvesting of nuts is carried out in such huge quantities that this dooms many animals to starvation in winter months. Chinese businessmen come for these raw materials every year. Cedar pine nuts are highly valued in China.

See all the beauty of the animal and flora seaside land with their own eyes can anyone. Now all types of tourism are developing in the region, a unique safari park is operating, which surprised the whole world with the relationship of the Amur tiger with the goat Timur, and anyone can buy a crab, which is available today and local residents and guests of the region.

Primorye has no equal in Russia in terms of richness and diversity of flora and fauna. This is due to the favorable geographical position of the region and the absence of continuous cover ice during the era of global glaciation. As a result, on the territory of modern Primorye, we can see a unique mixture of cold- and heat-loving species of animals and plants, diametrically different in their geographical origin.

The distribution of wild animals over the territory of Primorye is determined by the climate, terrain, vertical zonality and biodiversity of the plant world. It is thanks to the presence of the mountainous country of Sikhote-Alin, the foothill and flat expanses of the Ussuri taiga, the abundance of rivers and lakes, and the unique sea coast that we observe a special variety of animals in the Primorsky Territory.

Primorye is home to 82 species of mammals, including: tiger, leopard, spotted deer, goral, red deer, musk deer, roe deer, raccoon dog, sable, Ussuri cat, fox, otter, Siberian weasel, wolverine, squirrel, chipmunk, hare and many others.

The feathered world of Primorye is exceptionally diverse. 458 species of birds are registered here, many of which are listed in the Red Books of various ranks. For example, of all the rare birds listed in the Red Book of Russia, more than half live in forests, on the sea coast, lakes and rivers of Primorye. According to ornithologists, during the spring-autumn migration period, 2.5-3 million birds stop to rest in Primorye. The largest concentrations of waterfowl are observed in the Khanka lowland, where, for the purpose of their observation and protection, a

The fauna of the Sea of ​​Japan is very rich and diverse. According to the species diversity of fish Sea of ​​Japan there is no equal among all the seas of Russia. There are 179 species of commercial fish here alone, including: herring, flounder, pollock, navaga, salmon, greenling, smelt, etc. Of invertebrate animals: crabs, shrimps, mollusks (mussels, scallops, oysters), octopus, trepang, squid, sea ​​urchin, trumpeter, etc. In the lakes and rivers of Primorye, there are up to 100 species of freshwater fish.

A distinctive feature of the richest animal world of the region is the presence of a large number of rare and endemic species that require special protection measures. To this end, in the region, those who carry out large and fruitful work on the protection and reproduction of

Rare and endangered species of animals, birds and fish of Primorye:

Tiger Leopard Himalayan bear Dappled deer Goral mole mohera Giant shrew Ussuri clawed newt Far Eastern tortoise Black crane Dahurian crane Japanese (Ussuri) crane Middle egret Swan goose Great cormorant Scaly merganser Mandarin duck Fish owl Sharp-footed owl White-tailed eagle Golden eagle (eagle) Wild grouse Paradise flycatcher Black bunting Yankovsky Reed sutora Chinese perch (auha)

The Red Book of the Primorsky Territory is the result of the enormous work of a whole team of professionals who are in love with their work. It is intended for the widest range of readers, from schoolchildren to doctors of sciences. The book contains information about plants and animals that are on the verge of extinction, have already disappeared, or those whose population is declining from year to year. The purpose of any Red Book is to draw public attention to the problems of nature conservation, to convey in an accessible form information about the need for a thrifty attitude of a person to the world around him.

The structure of the Red Book of Primorye

As a rule, all such publications are created according to a certain template. The Red Book of Primorsky Krai is no exception.

"Animals" and "Plants" are its two main sections, each of which contains several more subsections.

To make it clear to the reader, the systematization familiar to everyone is taken as the basis of the structure: kingdom - type - class - order - family - genus and species. This structure allows the reader to quickly find the desired animal or plant in the book.

Categories

The Red Book of Primorsky Krai contains an assessment of the state of populations. They are divided into several categories corresponding to both international and all-Russian standards. The categories are presented in the following table.

Legal status

Under the special protection of the state, there are several large felines: a forest cat, a leopard. They belong to the first category. Poachers, despite all the preventive measures taken by the state, are attracted by their valuable fur, which is in great demand on the black market.

Bowhead and Japanese whales, several species of killer whales and dolphins for a long time mined uncontrollably. Today, their fishing is prohibited. However, it is not uncommon for representatives of endangered species to accidentally end up in the nets of trawl boats.

In total, the first volume of the Primorsky Red Book includes 35 species of mammals.

Flora of Primorye

And what representatives of the flora are included in the Red Book of Primorsky Krai? "Plants" - the second volume of the edition. It describes the species protected by the state, in total:

• 29 plant species (including algae and mosses);
• 66 species of lichens;
• 58 types of mushrooms.

Human economic activity, deforestation and drainage of swamps entail the death of lichens, mosses and fungi in vast areas.

Measures for the protection of nature in Primorsky Krai

The efforts of the authorities to protect rare species are primarily aimed at further research. Many species are poorly studied, scientists need to collect additional information, on the basis of which it is possible to organize reserves and wildlife preserves in Primorsky Krai.

Law enforcement agencies monitor poaching activities, stopping attempts at illegal hunting and fishing, fruit picking and deforestation.

Over the years of the existence of the Red Book of Primorye, significant success has been achieved, reflected in the conservation and increase in the number of populations of some species. But at the same time, many plants and animals are still under threat. It is possible to save them and restore their numbers only with reasonable efforts on the part of the authorities and the population. Everyone can make their own contribution to this noble cause: transferring funds for environmental funds, refusing interior items, clothes and products for which they die rare plants and animals.