The project "garbage is an eternal theme". Ecological project on the topic "Household waste of mankind
Planned meals and thoughtful shopping have a significant impact on volume reduction. food waste. In addition, there are a number of ways to keep food fresh for a long time. And what about the peels, peelings, stems and packaging: why do we throw them away without thinking? After all, they, too, can be given a second life!
1. Coffee grounds
- For a natural shine and silkiness to your hair, mix the rest of the drink with your conditioner and use this mixture once a week.
- When cleaning the fireplace, sprinkle moistened coffee grounds over the ashes so that the dust does not swirl in the air.
- To eliminate unpleasant odors in the refrigerator, put in it a container filled with thick, diluted with water to a mushy state.
- Mix the rest of the coffee with coconut oil- this tool will be the best natural scrub for your face.
2. Lettuce or celery trimmings
Both of these delicious product grow out of their own roots. Just add water!
3. Sprouted potatoes
To grow young vegetables, it is necessary to plant tubers with sprouts in soil or water.
4. Egg cartons
Containers of such an original form can be used for many purposes. They can store fragile items. Christmas decorations, stack golf balls, plant seedlings, use small cells as a palette for paints ...
5. Citrus peel
- For more fiber and nutrients add fresh crusts to your favorite smoothie.
- Insects do not tolerate citrus fruits. After crushing the peel, scatter it around your house - this will serve as a barrier to annoying pests.
- To neutralize bad odors from spoiled waste, place citrus fruit trimmings in the bottom of the trash can.
- If you need to keep the skin soft, put it in a bag of brown sugar and keep it in the refrigerator.
- Making lemon curd is easy! It is necessary to dry the zest, chop it and mix with salt or pepper.
6. Milk or juice bag
- These boxes are coated with wax, making them difficult to recycle. Why not make a birdhouse?
- Use the bottom of the bag to make the base for the planting container.
- You can turn a drink package into a piggy bank with a hole.
- Toddlers can build castles and cities out of tightly sealed boxes with duct tape.
7. Onion and garlic peel
Did you know that onion and garlic shells contain much more nutrients than the fruits themselves? When you decide to make a soup, use the peels as a natural flavor.
8. Watermelon rinds
- From them you can cook delicious jam or cook various pickles.
- Rubbing the remnants of the pulp into the skin helps to get rid of acne.
9. Celery leaves
They can be eaten just like the stems! Add the top to soup, stew or smoothie. They can also be used as an edible decoration for your meals.
10. Banana peel
- Can be used as a fertilizer for tomato seedlings.
- To get rid of pests, you need to crush it and fertilize the garden with the resulting mass.
- Rub a banana peel on your skin to relieve itching, rashes, psoriatic plaques, and insect bites.
- When frying boneless meat, add the skin to the pan to keep it from drying out.
- By rubbing the inside of a banana peel on shoes or silver, you will achieve a natural shine.
11. Stems and leaves of broccoli
Eat them! Freshly chopped leaves make a great addition to a salad. In addition, they can be cooked and eaten like regular cabbage.
12. Leek roots (green onions)
Onions are easy to grow at home. To ensure that the bulb continuously receives nourishment, cut off the shoots, and place it in a jar of water!
13. Oil Wraps
A little oil left on the package can be used to grease baking dishes! Wrapping paper should be folded and stored in the refrigerator until needed.
14. Wine corks
- Use them as miniature containers for planting succulents.
- You can make a bathroom rug from corks cut into discs.
- The corks connected by the side surfaces easily turn into a hot stand.
- To make a cute keychain that will also not sink in water, you need to insert a carabiner into one of flat parts traffic jams.
15. Cabbage stalks
- Freeze them.
- For extra nutrients and fiber, add them to your smoothie or juice.
- Do you want to cook a unique condiment? Dry the stems and then grind them and mix with salt.
16. Apple peels
The pre-dried rind can be used to make a delicious fall tea.
With the help of malic acid, you can get rid of stains on aluminum pots and pans.
To get rid of dark circles under the eyes, place the peel under the lower eyelid for 5-10 minutes.
17. Almond gruel
If you've ever made your own almond milk, chances are you've wondered what to do with the pulp? Just lay it out in a thin layer on a sheet of thick paper and let it dry. Then grind into a powder that can be used for baking!
18. Pineapple Tops
This is true! It takes a little patience and you can actually grow a pineapple from the crown that everyone tends to throw away. You don't even need to live in the tropics to do this.
19. Fruit or vegetable pomace
In the process of making homemade juices from fresh vegetables and fruits, a lot of pulp remains. Don't throw it away!
- You can add it to cocktails to give them a richer taste.
- Use the mixture to bake delicious bread.
- From the cake, excellent and completely harmless fruit chips are obtained.
- Pancakes cooked with the addition of fruit pulp will turn out incredibly tasty.
20. Coffee filters
- To make your shoes shine, wipe them down with damp coffee filter paper.
- Pre-cut, use the filters to make wonderful muffins.
- Washed and dried filters can be used to remove dust.
- This is a great replacement for expensive sheet masks for the face, which are used to moisturize and nourish the skin.
21. Eggshell
- To calcinate the soil, add powdered shells to it.
- Lay it in the bottom of the flower pot as drainage.
- Eggshells crushed and added to pet food will provide your pet with a source of calcium.
- To make cheap coffee less bitter, add powdered shells to it.
22. Meat bones
Leave them overnight in a slow cooker along with not too rich homemade broth, and by morning it will become fragrant and nutritious.
23. Pickle
When all the pickles from the jar have been eaten, put fresh cucumbers to the remaining brine. So you will get salted cucumbers fast food!
24. Packaging nets for vegetables and fruits
A few simple movements, and such a grid will turn into a homemade grater for cleaning the bottoms of pots and pans.
25. Paper towel cylinders
Such rollers will always find application in the house. Cord retainer is one of the best options use them!
26. Container of grated parmesan cheese
Wash it and dry it, after which you can store anything in it. These can be seasonings or any other product (such as salt or baking soda) that needs to be sprinkled.
27. Packing nets for onions or potatoes
They can be used to create a unique gift wrap, as well as a bag for children's toys or laundry.
28. Apple cores
In order to make delicious fruit vinegar, use not only these, but also other fruit leftovers.
29. Carrot tops
- Add to soup or stew.
- When making your own pesto sauce, add carrot stems as an option.
- In addition, the tops can be grown from the cut tops of carrots!
Acquainted with these wonderful and, of course, useful tips on the recycling of household waste, you involuntarily think about more global issues. Per recent times the population began to throw away an increasing number of packages, household appliances etc.
Today the problem of necessity reuse things seem especially poignant! If you understand it properly, you can understand that, by gaining a second life, seemingly unnecessary waste contributes to saving energy and natural resources.
Artyomenko Anna Vladimirovna
Environmental project "The problem of garbage and the second life of used things"
Explanatory note
Relevance.
Preschool age is a valuable stage in development ecological culture personalities. At this age, the child begins to distinguish himself from the environment, develops an emotional and value attitude to the environment, forms the foundations of moral and ecological positions of the individual.
ecological- the social situation of today puts before the experts preschool education the task of finding universal means ecological education in modern conditions. One such tool, in my opinion, could be environmental project, one of the few technologies that takes the teacher beyond the walls kindergarten in the world and social reality.
Every day, during a walk, preschoolers took part in cleaning the territory of their site, and each time they have questions: where does so much come from garbage? Where are they taken trash? etc. To answer these unchildish questions and try to solve “ garbage problem", I developed project« The garbage problem and« second Life» used things».
The passport project
Name project« The garbage problem and« second Life» used things»
Developer project Artyomenko Anna Vladimirovna
Educator MBDOU No. 5
For what age and social group aimed project Pupils of the preparatory group for school
Tasks project to form in children knowledge about various types of activities for the protection of nature.
To expand children's knowledge about the interdependence of the world, nature and human activities, both economic and environmental;
Form ideas about expediency reuse household and household waste;
To teach in the correct form to express one's attitude to the actions of children and adults from the standpoint of generally accepted norms and to adequately perceive the assessment of one's behavior;
Develop imagination, the ability to realize their impressions in artistic and creative activities.
Type of project Dominant activities: cognitive and creative.
By composition of participants: group.
By time: short term
/from 01.03.2017 to 31.03.2017/
Members project Pupils of group No. 1 preparatory to school, teachers of preschool educational institution, parents of pupils.
Venue MBDOU No. 5, group room, playground, park area, st. May Day.
Planned result:
To form in children a negative attitude towards rubbish on the streets of his native village and the desire to make it clean and beautiful
Build an interest in parents environmental raising their children.
Bring up careful attitude to nature.
Stages project
1. Preparatory (determination of goals and objectives project, planning).
Development of an implementation plan project.
Drawing up summaries of events.
Selection of illustrative material.
Introducing the Plan to Parents project.
2. Main (implementation of the plan project) .
Thematic tour of the territory of the kindergarten and beyond .
Collection of photographic materials on the topic "Nature is crying for help!"
Conversations with children.
Games are experiments.
Organization of motor activity of children.
Reading fiction. The study of literature on the topic project("Encyclopedia of Why", « Garbage Fantasy» V. A. Usacheva).
3. Final (summarizing).
Show ecological fairy tale"How a hedgehog was looking for a grandmother"
Thematic planning
№ Event Goals and objectives Participants
From 01.03 to 03.03.17
1. Thematic tour "Clean Kindergarten Area". Observation of the state of the environment in the territory of the kindergarten and around it. To instill a love for nature, a careful and caring attitude towards environment. Raise interest and respect for the work of a janitor. teacher
Pupils
2 Conversation "Help Nature". To form in children knowledge about various types of activities to protect nature, to arouse the desire for this activity, to aim at the implementation of some activities to help nature. teacher
Pupils
3 Job assignments: “Help the kids in cleaning the site from garbage» . "Cleaning the group area from garbage» Education of diligence, accuracy, respect for the environment.
Pupils
From 06.03 to 10.03.17
4 Reading ecological fairy tale: Ants and trash.
Nikitina Yu.V.,
Nikitin Valery. Introduce children to ecological fairy tale . To educate children in the ability to listen, to follow the development of the plot in the work. teacher
Pupils
5 Conversation: "about garbage and what can be done to less trash...» To give children an idea of the problem of garbage in the village.
Talk about the dangers of landfills for nature and humans. Teach children to be responsible for nature.
To convey to the children the importance of this Problems and show some ways out of this situation. teacher
Pupils
6 Didactic game : "Nature and Man"
To consolidate and systematize the knowledge of children about what a person has created and what nature gives a person. teacher
Pupils
From 13.03. to 17.03.17
7 Mobile game: "Take it fast"
Teach children to walk, run in circles, act on a signal, develop dexterity, speed. teacher
Pupils
FC instructor.
8 Reminder for parents
"Teach children to save nature" To cultivate respect for the environment, in practice to show their attitude towards trash educator
9 Game-experiment : "We sort garbage right»
To promote the development of the ability to differentiate, sort objects according to the materials from which they were made. teacher
Pupils
10 Reading Ecological fairy tale"About how Purity Trash has won»
Pupils
From 20.03 to 24.03.17
11 Conversation: "Treat your planet right"
Introduce children to environmental issues ; cultivate love for the environment. teacher
Pupils
12 Outdoor game: "Change subject". To learn to act on a signal, the development of hands, dexterity, speed. teacher
Pupils
13 Didactic game "What if?"
Know what needs to be done in order to protect, preserve and increase nature.
Develop the ability to draw conclusions and reasoning. teacher
Pupils
From 27.03 to 31.03.17
14 Advice for parents « ecological raising children in the family To give guidelines for the formation environmental culture in the family help to realize the need for personal participation in environmental activities. teacher
Pupils
15 Didactic game: "Protect nature" To consolidate knowledge about the protection of natural objects. teacher
Pupils
16 ecological tale"How a hedgehog was looking for a grandmother"
Teach children to take care of the environment. develop in children ecological thinking. Contribute to the formation environmentally conscious behavior. To form in children a negative attitude towards rubbish on the streets of his native village and the desire to make it clean and beautiful Teacher
Pupils
Musical director
Related publications:
2017 was declared the Year of Ecology in Russia. And as part of the year of ecology and the celebration of April 22 international day We had land.
One autumn evening, turning over the shelves of furniture, I found a lot of unnecessary things: jars, ribbons, photo frames, etc. Everything could be.
Project on environmental education "The problem of household waste" (preparatory group) Passport of the project "Problem household waste» MADOU Kindergarten of combined type No. 4 "Sun", Aramil, 2017 Contents Characteristics.
"Aquarium" out of the box and plastic bottles. Description of the design and research work Author and leader of the project: educator Barinova.
1. The concept of the project.
Our cities are populated huge amount of people. Garbage is thrown out of every apartment every day. Garbage - garbage layout - dumpster- The car takes the garbage to the landfill. That is how it should be! But this is not always the case.
Once we were walking around our site and found rubbish among the bushes (bags of chips, crackers, dirty papers). The children began to ask questions: “How did the garbage get to our site? Who left him here? Why do people throw trash on the ground? Why is there so much garbage around? What needs to be done to make it smaller? Is it possible to give garbage a "second life"? This is how we came up with the idea of creating our study “The Waste Problem”.
2. How we searched for answers to emerging questions:
- We conducted a targeted walk and noted that our yards and the adjacent territory to the kindergarten are heavily littered (tin cans are lying on the ground, plastic bags and paper).
- With the help of slides prepared by educators, they got acquainted with the types of household waste.
- In practice, we tracked what kind of garbage accumulates the most at home with children and in kindergarten.
- We learned about the methods of waste disposal and the concept of "garbage sorting".
- Garbage can also have a “second life”.
Research methods:
- The study of literature on the topic of the project (“Encyclopedia of Pochemuchki”, “Junk Fantasy” by V. A. Usachev).
- Method of visual research.
- Filling in the table "Accumulation of garbage at home / in the group during the week."
Start of research:
After the children found the garbage on their playground, they suggested that the teenagers scattered the garbage. To the question: "Why?" the answer was given: "They are uncultured and too lazy to clean up after themselves." The next morning we went outside the kindergarten and saw a large number of garbage around (plastic bags, cans, glass and plastic bottles, a lot of paper). What can we do to reduce waste in playgrounds? You need to collect the garbage and throw it in the trash can!
It turned out that the problem of garbage is very important for our city! We decided to study it. Educators prepared slides so that the children could figure out what kind of garbage is and how long it can lie in the ground until it completely decomposes: a plastic bottle is more than 100 years old, a tin and a tin can is more than 10 years old, a glass bottle is more than 1000 years old , paper - 1 year, food waste - 1 month.
During the week, we made sure that the garbage needs to be sorted (in order to make it easier to recycle). We concluded that paper, plastic and food waste accumulate the most.
Julia Sh.'s family is also involved separate collection garbage.
We decided in game form try to properly sort the garbage (glass, plastic, paper). We made it!
After the garbage is sorted, it is sent for recycling and it turns out that you can give old things a “new life”!
From old paper and newspapers, the factory makes new albums and notebooks.
From plastic bottles - decorations for playgrounds and beautiful souvenirs.
From iron cans - aircraft parts and new kitchen utensils.
Practical part:
Over time, some things become unnecessary the only way get rid of them - throw them away. But we learn that it is possible to give a "second life": to make gifts, toys, interior items.
A creative workshop has opened in our group - “The Miraculous Transformation of Garbage”. Our crafts:
- Beautiful asters made of wire and plastic cups.
- From plastic packaging for eggs: funny caterpillars and a spring bouquet.
- From the packages of kinder eggs, with the help of plasticine, we got a whole barnyard.
- Plastic spoons + plasticine and gouache = wonderful ladybugs.
Conclusion. If we want to live in a clean city, we must not litter! Pick up your trash! And it is in our power to give things a "second life"!
"Trash and its second life"
Project implementation time February - May 2013.
Represent the project
DDT, circle "Needlework"
Our village is great! We were born in the village, grow up, study and live. But often one has to see how heaps of garbage lie near residential buildings, uncleaned firewood, all year round. And in all this dogs dig, children climb. And in the spring our village turns into garbage. But then cleanup days are organized, cars arrive, all the garbage is loaded and taken away. "Where?" , adults answer: “To the dump!”
The relevance of the project. AT this moment There is only one option for waste disposal - removal to village dump. But does it solve the problem household waste disposal in an ecological sense? No and no again.
Hypothesis: Or maybe garbage can be given a "second life"?
And then we decided to conduct an investigation on the topic: "Garbage and its" second life ".
Objective of the project:
Find out more about waste disposal methods.
Learn through practical work to find a useful use for household waste, thereby making a feasible contribution to the partial recycling and reduction of landfills.
identify what kind of household waste is most in the classroom and at home;
find out which wastes decompose faster;
get acquainted with the ways of "fighting" with household waste, namely with the safest - the method of disposal;
waste recycling.
master new technologies for working with various waste materials;
jointly produce useful products from household waste;
organize a master class.
It turned out that:
200 thousand years BC e. The first garbage heaps found by archaeologists.
400 BC e. The first ever municipal landfill was founded in Athens.
200 A city waste collection service was established in Rome.
1315 After a long break, garbage collection resumed in Paris.
1388 The English Parliament forbade throwing rubbish into the streets.
1775 The first garbage cans appear in London.
1800 The City of New York ordered pigs to be driven into the streets of the city,
Who were supposed to eat garbage.
1874 Organized burning of city waste begins in Nottingham.
1897 The first waste sorting and recycling center opens in New York.
1932 In the United States, garbage compactors are invented.
1942 In the USSR and the USA, mass collection of garbage for recycling into
military purposes.
1948 Fresh Kills opened in New York City, still standing
The largest in the world.
1965 The US Congress passes the Solid Waste Management Act.
2000 EU countries set a goal to achieve recycling and recycling
Use of 50% waste.
On average, each inhabitant of the Earth accumulates about a ton of waste per year, which is more than 5 billion tons. In every country garbage problems have their own characteristics, but wherever there is garbage, there are also garbage dumps. There are landfills "wild" and specially equipped. "Wild" landfills are well known to all of us. On wastelands, abandoned construction sites, on the edges of forests, along automobile and railways dump, despite the prohibitions, the most diverse garbage.
Of all this garbage, solid domestic waste poses a serious threat to environmental pollution. Garbage dumps significantly affect all components of the environment and are a powerful pollutant of air, soil, and groundwater. These dumps are also breeding grounds for mice, rats, insects and can become sources of infectious diseases. Special place plastics and synthetic materials occupy among household waste, as they are not subject to biological degradation processes and can long time be in the environment. So, for example, a plastic bag left by us will lie in the ground for several centuries. There are no bacteria on Earth that can destroy it. And fragments of glass, cans, bottles are capable of “working” like mines even after 1000 years: in sunny weather a piece of glass can act as a lens and cause a fire. And how many people get injured because of broken glass, which can easily cut through even shoes.
We have found that it takes many years for household waste to decompose.
Glass bottles - 1000 years;
Plastic products - 100 years;
Tin cans - 50 - 80 years
(bury under a plum - 2-3 years);
Rubber soles of boots - 50 - 40 years;
Skin - 50 years;
Nylon products - 30 - 40 years;
Polyethylene bag - 10 - 20 years;
Batteries - 10 years;
Cigarette butts - 1 - 5 years;
Woolen sock - 1 - 5 years;
Paper - 2 years;
Orange or banana peel - 2 - 5 weeks.
The most littered places
streets - 37%
yards of residential yards – 30%
near shops - 12%
school grounds - 1%
recreation areas (park) - 20%
The main reason for littering
Insufficient number of litter bins – 5%
No wipers - 2%
Lack of a clear system for the collection and disposal of garbage - 47%
Low level of culture of the inhabitants of the settlement - 46%
Who litters the most?
Preschoolers and students lower grades – 10%
Teenagers - 66%
Youth - 24%
Adults - 0%
What would you throw out on the street?
Empty cardboard box - 3%
An empty can or bottle of juice, water, beer, etc. – 2%
Chewing gum wrapper - 25%
Newspaper read - 15%
Paper cup - 2%
Skin from banana, orange, etc. - 13%
Nothing at all - 40%
After spending interview Among students, we found that
The main reasons for the increase in the amount of garbage in our village are:
growth in the production of disposable goods;
increase in the amount of packaging;
raising the standard of living, allowing usable things to be replaced by new ones.
low level of culture of the inhabitants of the village.
World practice offers the following ways that make it possible to get rid of household waste:
method of burial (in the ground, in water bodies);
combustion method;
disposal.
In a gray barrel carry newspapers, magazines and cardboard boxes;
In a yellow barrel throw away cans, bottles, plastic, paper, and metal packaging;
The green barrel is intended for biodegradable food waste that will later be composted.
There is so much rubbish all over the place that if do not recycle it, it will cover the entire planet.
Waste recycling.
Glass.
Used glassware is very easy to recycle. Undamaged cans and bottles do not need to be recycled, after processing they can be used again for their intended purpose. Broken glass can be remelted.
Glass is a durable and wear-resistant material. By itself, it does not harm the environment, but broken glass is traumatic for people and animals. In nature, glass waste breaks down over several hundred years, cracking and crumbling from temperature changes. The end product of the decomposition of glass containers is glass chips, similar in appearance to sand.
The bulk of glass waste is not recycled, but is disposed of in landfills.
Scrap metal.
Most often in scrap metal there are products made of iron or cast iron. Iron compounds can cause significant harm to the environment - they are poisonous to many organisms. In addition, pieces of ejected metal are traumatic for people and animals.
Scrap metal decomposes under the influence of oxygen, eventually forming iron oxide. The rate of decomposition of metal products - for 10-20 years, one millimeter in depth (in fresh water- for 3-5 years, in salty - for a year or two).
Scrap metal is the most recyclable material. Recycling of scrap metal is of great importance for the economy and the environment. It allows you to unload already depleted ore deposits, reduce fuel costs for smelting the most important metals, as well as significantly reduce associated costs (for example, transportation).
foil products and aluminum cans it is also possible to recycle. In nature, foil can lie on the ground for up to 20-30 years (and aluminum cans - up to several hundred!), Forming generally harmless aluminum oxide and salts under the action of oxygen. The safest way to dispose of aluminum-based products (not counting remelting) is burial.
Leather.
Even from small, worthless scraps of leather, there is much to be gained.
From the old belt you will get easy-to-make, reliable and non-creaking loops for the lid of the box, easel, casket.
It is easy to make beautiful spines for book bindings from scraps of belts.
A strip of soft thin leather pasted on the inside of a metal watch bracelet will make it more comfortable.
If you are tired of metal and plastic bracelets, then, having mastered the techniques of decorative leather finishing, you can make a comfortable and soft leather watch strap to your taste.
Using the same techniques, it is easy to make a comfortable and durable bookmark out of leather.
A strip of thin leather, folded lengthwise in half or three and glued, can be sewn as a hanger to a coat or jacket. It is much stronger and more durable than cloth and is not as rough as metal chain hangers.
What can be done with used, but still good natural leather, if you start collecting it centrally? At the cooperative institute, tanners have worked out to the smallest detail how to sort and process secondary hides, how to disinfect and restore them. They developed a technology for making fashionable youth jackets, vests, slippers from old shoes. Everyone liked the lab samples very much.
Another example is the development of the Ukrainian Research Institute of the leather and footwear industry. It was proposed here to use absolutely useless skin waste as a protein fertilizer for growing vegetables. Skin scraps are crushed, poured with water, boiled and dried. It turns out gray powder, which contains 9-14% nitrogen and many valuable trace elements. The free fertilizer turned out to be highly effective: the yield of potatoes increased by 30%, and that of tomatoes - by 35%.
And fodder flour is made from the waste of leather production.
Paper.
Waste paper accounts for 40% of all solid waste and is usually used printed matter consisting of paper (sometimes treated with protective agents), cardboard and ink. Despite the fact that paper decomposes for 2-3 years, it does not cause any harm to nature. However, colors and protective coatings can release substances toxic to humans during decomposition.
Waste paper has a great potential for recycling. It is used for the production of paper for various purposes, packaging and building materials. 1 ton of waste paper replaces about 4 cubic meters of wood, so collection and rational disposal paper waste help to significantly reduce deforestation. Old papers are soaked, cleaned and shredded to obtain fibers - cellulose. Further, the process is identical to the process of making paper from timber.
When burning paper waste, harmful dioxides are formed - combustion products of paint and printing ink. This method is not rational for the disposal of this kind of waste.
Plastic.
In the modern world, not a single enterprise can do without the use of polymeric materials. Therefore, recycling plastic waste has great potential - it is possible to obtain polymer raw materials from recycled plastic used in the manufacture of products. Products, depending on quality standards, can be made entirely from recycled plastic raw materials, or from a certain proportion of primary and secondary plastic.
Discarded plastic products interfere with gas exchange in soil and water bodies and pose a threat to animals. There are many examples when a swallowed package led to the death of an animal - even whales have died. Plastic container resistant to aggressive environment, and is not digested by the animal's body.
In addition, plastic releases toxic substances when burned and decomposes, which can take over 100 years.
Food waste.
When food waste is burned, substances harmful to human health are released - dioxides. This once again confirms the need to sort waste before recycling it.
The safest method of disposal of organic waste is composting. During this process, the content of substances easily absorbed by plants - phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, and others - increases in the organic mass, and unfavorable flora and microorganisms are neutralized.
Thus, with proper and timely disposal of organic waste, this type of waste not only does not harm nature, but can also be used as a natural fertilizer.
More than half of this waste can be recycled and reused. Let's start with ourselves and try not to litter our planet so much. To do this, we will use at least elementary methods to reduce waste.
Glass can be recycled an unlimited number of times. As a rule, it is sorted by color, cleaned, melted down and reused: new bottles, decorative ornaments and even flooring are produced.
Hand over bottles and jars to glass container collection points. If you throw them away, then put them in a separate bag and put them next to the trash can for others to turn them in.
Canning aluminum banks from drinks can be melted down into new cans. Steel cans are used in the production of various parts.
In Russia, unfortunately, aluminum and steel are processed only in industry, and there are few places where cans can be collected. Therefore, just do not leave cans of drinks anywhere, but throw them in the trash.
Plastic bottles can be recycled and used again. In some countries, furniture and accessories are made from remelted bottles. The best solution is to sort the garbage. For this, containers for selective waste are already appearing. For plastic bottles the yellow tank is intended. In some areas there are collection points for plastic bottles.
Cardboard packaging Juices are the most difficult to recycle, because they usually consist of a layer of aluminum foil or polyethylene in addition to cardboard to keep liquid out. If you are relaxing outside the city, then do not throw such packages into a local landfill, but burn them at the stake.
Plastic bags buyers take at the checkouts of supermarkets. Tens of billions of non-recyclable bags are used every year. Try not to take extra bags at the supermarket. Even better: go back to the Soviet-era tradition and go to the store with your own bag.
Paper and cardboard make up about 1/3 of the household waste that we throw away. They are the easiest to recycle and use again. AT Soviet times waste paper was accepted in each district. At present, in Russia, the organizations that do this accept mainly large parties. But you can hand over the accumulated paper and cardboard free of charge by bringing them yourself to the collection point.
Fabric products that we throw away every year, for the most part constitute nice clothes, which, according to objective characteristics, can still be worn. Clothes that are out of fashion, curtains, tablecloths can be donated to homeless shelters or churches, from where these things will get to those who need them. New things can be donated to an orphanage or boarding school.
And just try not to buy superfluous and useless goods, calculate the amount of material required for your needs.
Creative - practical stage
We offer our own way of recycling used items and things. There are no unnecessary things, but there is little imagination!
Technological map for the manufacture of decorative bottles.
| stage number | Sequence of work. | Tools and fixtures |
| 1. | Waste material collection | Involvement of class students and technical staff of the school. |
| 2. | Create a sketch | Simple pencil and eraser |
| 3. | Selection of the necessary material | Glass bottles, buttons, broken glass, keys, ropes, seeds, buttons, corks, pendants, beads, plastic bottles. |
| 4. | Waste material sticking | Glue, scissors. |
| 5. | Composition painting | Spray paint in two shades |
We have no imagination, the proof of this is our finished products. Items that can serve you for a while. Can be used as a souvenir, as a vase, decanter, or as a decorative interior decoration.
Another important result of our research work is that we learned a lot of new and interesting things about household waste, as well as learned how to work with different materials(plastic, cellophane, glass and others). AT research work 2nd grade students took part, parents were involved.
In the future, we decided to continue practical work on the processing of household waste in the near future.
Cleanliness and comfort to you!
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