Regional public organization “Society of Tajik culture “Somon. Program "Moscow Navruz", leading programs on the new planetary youth television khurshed kharmakulov and roxan khasanov

In Moscow, in the Moscow House of Nationalities, a gala evening was held in honor of the 20th anniversary of the Tajik Cultural Center.

Its permanent chairman Khursheda Davronovna Khamrakulova led this holiday, which was attended by: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Tajikistan to the Russian Federation I. M. Sattorov; head of department national policy and inter-regional relations of Moscow V. I. Suchkov; assistant to the deputy of the City Duma N. T. Antoshkin A. L. Podgorny; Deputy Director of the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences V. Yu. Zorin; Chairman of the Council of the Assembly of Peoples of Russia, deputy of the State Duma of the III and IV convocations S. K. Smirnova; members of the Council for Nationalities under the President of the Russian Federation, representatives of the Assembly of the Peoples of Russia of many diasporas and national-cultural autonomies of Moscow. There were also distinguished guests from Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Armenia and Belarus.

As emphasized by Ms. Khamrakulova, the highest common goal all nationalities former USSR– to become one country in the global context again. This unity will allow recreating the greatness of all the peoples of Eurasia. No one can disturb the favorable atmosphere of communication between relatives, although not by blood, people.

The enthusiasm of this fragile, energetic, beautiful woman, Professor - Khursheda Khamrakulova. One of the guests said to her: “When I first met Khursheda, I understood why Alexander the Great chose a Tajik woman as his wife!” She herself came from a family with 10 children, she stands up for kinship, brotherhood and unity.

"Let's be friends!" - with such an appeal Khursheda Khamrakulova ended the official part of the evening and quoted the words of Chingiz Aitmatov: “The stronger we all are, the stronger world on the ground". Then a wonderful concert took place, where songs about Dushanbe, about Moscow and the beauty of human relations were heard. In the New Year 2018, the chairman of the Tajik Cultural Center has the task of holding the Novruz holiday at the same cosmic level. Happy Holidays, Mrs. Khamrakulova! May all your undertakings come true.

Prepared by Elena MARTYNYUK

The organization was founded in 1997.
Chairman - Mirzoev Farukh Mamadalievich.

Organization goals:
- development of cultural exchange between Russia and Tajikistan;
- preservation of the cultural heritage of the Tajik people.

Events, programs:"Somon" participates in all city and regional events dedicated to interethnic relations. Participated in the project "National Minorities and the Media", a project aimed at building a culture of tolerance, which is being implemented jointly by the Administration of the Governor of the Sverdlovsk Region and the Berlin Senate.

The organization actively participates in the work of the Council of Heads of National-Cultural Associations at the regional House of Peace and Friendship.

Chairman of the Council of the Society of Tajik Culture "Somon" founded in 1998 F.M. Mirzoev - Member of the Advisory Council for Nationalities of the Sverdlovsk Region, which includes representatives of the executive and legislative authorities, leaders of national associations. In addition, he participated in the development of the Partnership Agreement between the Main Department of Internal Affairs of the Sverdlovsk Region, the Sverdlovsk Regional Advisory Council of Public Associations of the All-Russian political party"United Russia" and national public associations Sverdlovsk region. Such an Agreement was signed to achieve the most effective implementation of the constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens, the prevention of interethnic conflicts, the fight against crime and the prevention of offenses on ethnic grounds in the territory of the Sverdlovsk region.

Organization "Somon" is the founder of the Center for the Promotion of National-Cultural Associations at the Ural State Mining University, and its members are frequent guests of the television program "National Dimension", which tells about the life of the peoples of the Sverdlovsk region. The chairman of the organization is a member of the editorial board of the program.

Holidays: Independence Day of Tajikistan (September 9); Novruz - New Year(March 22), Eid al-Adha, Ramadan Bayram.

The Somon Society maintains contacts with Tajik organizations in other regions - Krasnodar, Novosibirsk, etc.

According to the 2002 census, 6,125 Tajiks live in the Sverdlovsk region.

To whom did Zarathustra speak?

Sogd, Bactria, Khorezm, Merv… Time itself breathes in these names. In the I millennium BC. distant ancestors of the Tajiks lived in these states. They cultivated the land in the oases and valleys of the Amu Darya, Zeravshan and Kashkadarya, grazed cattle in the Pamirs, Tien Shan and in the Aral-Caspian steppes. They built houses, fortresses and temples. They knew how to make at least 15 types of fabrics from cotton. They were masters in the art of ceramics, chasing, wood and metal carving. Already 4000 years ago, lead was mined in Karamazar, gold was mined in Darvaz, and lal and lapis lazuli were mined in Badakhshan. The remains of ancient mines have been found in Isfara, Ura-Tube, Kulyab, Penjikent.

Here the Zoroastrian concept of the world is formed, which is reflected in the sacred book "Avesta", and the Eastern Iranian branch is separated from the group of Iranian languages, which in the future will blossom into Farsi - the language of Persian and Tajik culture.

In the VI century BC. these lands were captured by the Persians, but two centuries later the Achaemenid Empire fell under the blows of the troops of Alexander the Great. By the beginning of our era, the mighty Kushan kingdom rises on the ruins of Bactria. The first transcontinental route, the Great Silk Road, ran through the territory of modern Tajikistan, and trade caravans spread throughout the world not only Kushan goods, but also the culture of the peoples living here. With the formation of the Turkic Khaganate in the VI century, the influence of Turkic ethnic elements increased, and by the time of the Arab conquest (VIII century) Central Asia three main ethnic regions were distinguished: Sogdian in the north, Ferghana in the northeast and Tokhara in the south.

Then the Samanids, the first local dynasty (9th-10th centuries) after the Arab rule, enter the historical arena. Having established control over Central Asia, the Samanids united different ethnic groups within the framework of united state and one religion (Islam). Farsi-Tajik becomes the dominant language. In this era, the formation of the core of the Tajik people is completed.

People of the Middle Eastern Renaissance

The lands of the Samanids prospered. All of South Asia used Samanid silver coins. Bukhara, Samarkand, Merv, Khojent, Penjikent, Herat, Balkh are becoming centers of cultural life. Luxurious palaces and mosques are being built here. Philosophers, doctors, poets come to Bukhara; the richest library is created. Observatories are being built, the works of scientists from Greece and India are beginning to be translated, original works are being created in mathematics, astronomy, mineralogy, mechanics, physics, chemistry and medicine. Encyclopedists ar-Razi, al-Khwarizmi, Balkhi, al-Fergani and others reach the heights of scientific thought. Ahmad Sarakhsi and Abulabbas Marvazi write treatises on geography and geodesy. An unknown Tajik geographer compiled the work "Hudud Al'alem" ("Borders of the World").

In 858, Rudaki, the future founder of Tajik poetry, was born in a mountain village near Penjikent. Ferdowsi creates his famous "Book of Kings" ("Shah-nameh"). Ibn-Sina (Avicenna) writes the "Canon of Medicine", which for seven centuries will be a reference book for physicians in Europe. Avicenna's sphere of attention also included logic, philosophy, mathematics, physics, and geography. Some of the works united by the book "Danish-name" were written by him in his native Tajik language. In Nishapur and Samarkand, a new method of processing ceramics is being developed, which makes it possible to preserve the painting after firing and cover it with glaze. The technology of bronze casting and other metalworking is being improved...

However, already at the end of the 10th century, political influence in Central Asia passed to the Turkic-speaking peoples. All new waves of Turkic, and later Mongol tribes penetrated into the areas of the settled Tajik population. For almost a thousand years, the Tajik people did not have their own statehood, and their culture developed in close connection with the Turkic peoples, especially the Uzbeks.

The fate of the Tajiks in the 19th-20th centuries turned out to be difficult: northern regions in 1868 they became part of Russia, and the population of southern Tajikistan remained under the rule of the Bukhara emirate dependent on Russia. Created in 1924, the Tajik ASSR was transformed into the Tajik SSR five years later. In 1991, the independent Republic of Tajikistan was proclaimed.

Not by bread alone and by bread alone

There was a lot in the history of Tajik culture: both the brilliant peaks of the scientific and artistic discovery of the world, and the hard struggle to preserve their identity, their spiritual heritage. One of the most striking qualities that the Tajik people have always shown is their amazing resilience and inexorable striving for peace and goodness, despite adversity. It is no coincidence that latifs are so popular among Tajiks - anecdotes, and their favorite characters are Mushfiks and the legendary Khoja Nasreddin.

Religion

The heart of the spirituality of the ancient ancestors of the Tajiks was Zoroastrianism. The teachings of Zarathustra, ideas about posthumous retribution, the role of man in the world, faith in the Savior of the world, scientists believe, influenced Judaism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam. Today in Tajikistan, Islam is practiced by approximately 95% of believers. 90% of them are Sunnis of the Hanafi persuasion, the rest are mainly immigrants from the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region - Ismailis.

Holidays

Like all Muslims of the world, Tajiks celebrate with reverence Religious holidays. For example, after 30 days of fasting in the month of Ramadan, eid al-fitr- the holiday of breaking the fast, in which there is a day of special almsgiving, the so-called sadaka-fitra. The feast of sacrifice is associated with the rite of pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) - eid al adha(Kurban).

From pre-Islamic times, holidays associated with the agricultural calendar have been preserved. Most Popular spring: Sayri lola- festival of tulips and Chuchmoma sayli- the holiday of the snowdrop. But perhaps the most beloved of all, the brightest and most picturesque - the New Year-Navruz. Marking its beginning, people take to the streets with bouquets of snowdrops, irises or tulips and sing songs dedicated to the onset of spring. After the procession, the dwellings are cleaned, festive dishes are prepared, and on the night before the holiday they dress up in new clothes. A table is set in a brightly lit house. It must contain seven products, the name of which in Farsi begins with the letter "sin" - germinated grains, garlic, apple, vinegar, barberry, wild olive, spinach. But the main dish, like Christians have a painted egg for Easter, is sumanak - malt halva, boiled from the juice of sprouted wheat grains. Also, by all means, there will be on the table: bread, a bowl of water, on the surface of which floats green leaf, a vessel with rose water, fruits, nuts, rooster, fish, milk, cheese. Sometimes the Koran is placed on the table. It is believed that on the night of Navruz, all family members should gather for a meal.

Kitchen

Traditional Tajik cuisine has much in common with Uzbek, but retains its originality. The basis of nutrition of Tajiks, especially in mountainous regions, were cakes baked in clay ovens-tanours, and dairy products, including melted butter, dry cheese (kurut) and cottage cheese (paneer). Rice dishes, manti, vegetables and fruits are also popular. Meat is preferred lamb and beef. The traditional holiday treat among the lowland Tajiks is pilaf, among the mountainous - lamb soup (shurbo). Favourite drink - green tea. Not a single reception of guests, not a single friendly conversation can do without it. Even lunch starts with tea. Tea bowls are served on trays, on a separate tray - sweets, fruits, cakes. Then soup is served in large bowls, second courses are served on large round plates, and salads are served with them. It should be noted respectfully, careful attitude Tajiks to food, especially to bread: bread cannot be thrown and dropped on the ground or on the floor, it is not customary to put it on a dastarkhan (table, tablecloth) upside down, it should be broken carefully, etc.

open future

Migration of Tajiks to Russia and, in particular, to Middle Ural has a long history. Back in the 16th century, Tajiks appeared in Siberia. Known settlements of Tajiks - "Bukharans", as they were then called - in Tobolsk, Tara, Tyumen, Tomsk. Their main occupation was trade. Bukhara merchants were allowed to travel freely from Siberia to Kazan, Astrakhan, Arkhangelsk and other cities, and therefore they became active participants in the Makaryev, Nizhny Novgorod, and Irbit fairs. Through these trade channels between cities and peoples, mainly furs went south, as well as leather, the production of which was established by the Bukharians. The northerners willingly bought horses, cattle and other imports. The Bukharians were engaged in both agriculture and cattle breeding; among them were officials, scientists and cultural figures, and in honor of the Bukharian Ashur, the mineral ashirite was named, the deposit of which he discovered in Siberia.

AT Soviet times migratory composition has changed. Basically, these were young people who came on Komsomol vouchers to schools, technical schools and universities, and then, according to distribution, were sent to Russian cities. Those of them who created families here remained for permanent residence.

It should be noted that Tajiks are not a diaspora nation. Most of them left their homeland, leaving to work, since the labor potential of the republic exceeded the possibilities of the local labor market. Labor migration to Russia also existed in the 1970s, but it was of an organized nature. International brigades at large industrial and agricultural facilities did not surprise anyone. However, in the 1990s, when Tajikistan began Civil War and burst economic crisis, the influx of refugees and labor migrants from the republic to the regions of Russia has increased.

Among the Ural Tajiks there are scientists, lawyers, engineers, officials, entrepreneurs. They live and work in Yekaterinburg and the cities of the region, study in the Ural universities, raise children whose homeland is the Urals.

Citizens of Tajikistan work at numerous new buildings in Yekaterinburg and the region. Many work in the housing and utilities sector, and thanks to their care, the capital of the Urals becomes cleaner and more comfortable. The number of Tajiks with temporary registration in the territory of the Sverdlovsk region is constantly changing and depends on the season.

The Middle Urals and Tajikistan have long-standing friendly and partnership relations. Ural factories produce products necessary for the formation and reconstruction of the industry of the republic. As last year's exhibition of Uralexpocentre, held in Tajikistan as part of the Days of Russia, showed, the products of Uralvagonzavod, Bogoslovsky aluminum plant, NPO Avtomatika, construction enterprises of the region aroused great interest among Tajiks. In turn, the Tajiks supply the region with agricultural products.

And recently, their colleagues from Tajikistan came to Yekaterinburg to train Zelenstroy specialists. Anyone who has visited Dushanbe, seen other garden cities of this republic, will understand that our industrial Yekaterinburg has a good chance to become radically prettier!

Broadcast
"Moscow Navruz"

Presenters of the program "Moscow Navruz" "
on the New Planetary Youth Television

Khursheda Harmakulov and

Roxana Khasanova

Khursheda Davronovna Khamrakulova- Candidate of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor of the State University - high school economics, member of the Public Chamber for Education in Moscow, member of the Presidium and head working group on education of the Interethnic Advisory Council under the Government of Moscow (ISS), chairman of the board of the regional public organization "Tajik Cultural Center" (since its foundation in 1996), author of books of translations fiction from Farsi-Tajik into Russian.

Roxana Khasanova- student of the Faculty of Law State University- Higher School of Economics, winner of a number of vocal competitions in the nomination "Modern Pop Song", an active participant in all three Navruz celebrations in Moscow, a member of the regional public organization "Tajik Cultural Center".

Theme of the program: "Navruz - the ancient holiday of the New Year in Asia."
The history of the Tajik folk costume.

The author of the program, Khursheda Khamrakulova, says: "We will talk about the most ancient holiday of Iranian and many other Eastern peoples, which arose, as researchers believe, no less than 5 millennia ago. This is a holiday of spring and the rebirth of nature, which can be called the holiday of the New Year. The word "Navruz" itself is translated from Persian literally as "New Day". Indeed, a lot of "new" is connected with this day: a new cycle of the Moon, renewal of nature, renewal of the soul - moral purification, new clothes, new hopes - and all this on the day spring equinox. We will tell you how certain peoples celebrate Navruz, what hopes they associate with it, how they have fun, what songs they sing, how they go to visit, how they treat, what they serve on festive table. Let's tell the legends and parables connected with the emergence and celebration of Navruz. You will hear songs of different peoples performed by participants in Moscow holidays, see their dances and national costumes, paintings and applied arts, learn recipes traditional for Navruz national dishes- in a word, get acquainted with the culture of different peoples through the story of Navruz.

On December 20, 2017, the celebration of the 20th anniversary of the Tajik Cultural Center was held at the Moscow House of Nationalities.

On this day, the walls of the hall were decorated with landscapes and still lifes of the great Tajikistan, which were kindly provided for the holiday by a talented artist from Dushanbe, Sukhaylo Kamolova. Before the start of the solemn part, all the guests of the evening could briefly be transported into the atmosphere of the mysterious east. In addition to paintings immersing in the expanses and nature of Tajikistan, an exhibition of household items, jewelry and traditional clothing was organized. local residents. Each guest was able to fully feel the culture of this wonderful people, fellow countrymen were able to communicate and congratulate each other on the anniversary date of the beloved Center.

The culprit of the celebration, as well as the organizer of the evening, was the Chairman of the Council of the NGO "Tajik Cultural Center" Khamrakulova Khursheda Davronovna. On the big screen the guests - friends, colleagues and associates of the hero of the occasion - were shown various events from her life captured by a photo and video camera, episodes from events held by the TCC.

When the initiator and director of the Novruz citywide holiday in Moscow took the stage, the guests warmly greeted her with thunderous applause. Bright, elegant national costumes, joyful faces, flowers in the hands of many - all this created a festive atmosphere corresponding to a significant event.

The evening was opened by the director of the Moscow House of Nationalities, Vladimir Borisovich Tarasov. He sincerely expressed his deepest gratitude for the reliable cooperation and development of stability in the preservation and promotion of the richest culture and traditions of the Tajik people. He also noted that the development and preservation of the national heritage by the Tajiks of Moscow in the conditions of a multinational city is combined with their integration into cultural life capital Cities.

Vitaly Ivanovich Suchkov, head of the Department of National Policy and Interregional Relations of Moscow, read out a congratulatory address on the vigorous activity of the NGO "Tajik Cultural Center", on its friendly relations with various diasporas of Moscow. He stressed that the Center, headed by Khursheda Davronovna Khamrakulova, contributes a significant personal contribution in the preservation and enhancement of the history and culture of the Tajik people, conducts great cultural and educational work, actively promotes rich traditions, customs native people promoting the unity and friendship of all nations.

The words about the island of the Tajik-Persian national culture in Moscow were said by the Ambassador of the Republic of Tajikistan in Russian Federation Imomuddin Mirzoevich Sattorov. In his speech, he spoke about the path of friendship and cooperation of the Embassy with the Tajik Cultural Center and directly Khursheda Davronovna. He also noted that Khursheda is a person of an active civic position, that it was she who stood at the origins of the creation of the regional public organization "Tajik Cultural Center" and for more than 20 years has been opening the centuries-old Tajik culture to the capital.

During the evening, Khursheda Davronovna spoke about the history of the TCC: about its first steps and its formation, about cultural initiatives and implemented projects, about participation in various city events, about creative successes, achievements and awards. And, of course, there were some musical gifts: musicians, dancers and longtime friends of the Tajik Cultural Center, constant participants not only in the TCC projects, but also in many other international projects in the Moscow and Russian cultural space, delighted the audience with their brightness and originality.